Metformin users | Combination users | Non-metformin users | Non-antidiabetic users | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
Total women | 4887 | 7.32 | 22 037 | 33.00 | 14 865 | 22.26 | 24 989 | 37.42 | 66 778 | 100 |
Age at index DM date | ||||||||||
<30 | 120 | 2.46 | 689 | 3.13 | 1592 | 10.71 | 1576 | 6.31 | 3977 | 5.96 |
30–39 | 349 | 7.14 | 2375 | 10.78 | 3172 | 21.34 | 3006 | 12.03 | 8902 | 13.33 |
40–49 | 934 | 19.11 | 5652 | 25.65 | 1995 | 13.42 | 3336 | 13.35 | 11 917 | 17.85 |
50–59 | 1589 | 32.51 | 7168 | 32.53 | 2485 | 16.72 | 4329 | 17.32 | 15 571 | 23.32 |
60–69 | 1287 | 26.34 | 4228 | 19.19 | 2557 | 17.20 | 4729 | 18.92 | 12 801 | 19.17 |
70–79 | 535 | 10.95 | 1671 | 7.58 | 2086 | 14.03 | 4792 | 19.18 | 9084 | 13.60 |
80+ | 73 | 1.49 | 254 | 1.15 | 978 | 6.58 | 3221 | 12.89 | 4526 | 6.78 |
p Value* | <0.0001 | |||||||||
Mean±SD | 56.2±12.1 | 53.1±12.1 | 52.7±18.0 | 59.1±18.0 | 55.5±16.1 | |||||
Range | 18–92 | 18–99 | 18–101 | 18–103 | 18–103 | |||||
Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||
Non-Hispanic caucasian | 1592 | 32.58 | 7054 | 32.01 | 4988 | 33.56 | 10 746 | 43.00 | 24 380 | 36.51 |
Hispanic | 1321 | 27.03 | 6975 | 31.65 | 4662 | 31.36 | 6145 | 24.59 | 19 103 | 28.61 |
African American | 568 | 11.62 | 3267 | 14.83 | 2022 | 13.60 | 3192 | 12.77 | 9049 | 13.55 |
Asian/PIs | 500 | 10.23 | 1875 | 8.51 | 1390 | 9.35 | 1621 | 6.49 | 5386 | 8.07 |
Others/unknown | 906 | 18.54 | 2866 | 13.01 | 1803 | 12.13 | 3285 | 13.15 | 8860 | 13.27 |
p Value* | <0.0001 | |||||||||
Geocoded income | ||||||||||
Lower 25% (≤US$43 022) | 1100 | 22.51 | 5508 | 24.99 | 3935 | 26.47 | 5920 | 23.69 | 16 463 | 24.65 |
>25–50% (>US$43 023–US$58 415) | 1224 | 25.05 | 5420 | 24.59 | 3677 | 24.74 | 6141 | 24.57 | 16 462 | 24.65 |
>50–75% (>US$58 416–US$77 536) | 1181 | 24.17 | 5631 | 25.55 | 3597 | 24.20 | 6054 | 24.23 | 16 463 | 24.65 |
Top 25% (≥US$77 537) | 1320 | 27.01 | 5242 | 23.79 | 3429 | 23.07 | 6468 | 25.88 | 16 459 | 24.65 |
Unknown/missing | 62 | 1.27 | 236 | 1.07 | 227 | 1.53 | 406 | 1.62 | 931 | 1.39 |
p Value* | <0.0001 | |||||||||
Estrogen replacement treatment during study period | ||||||||||
Yes | 1359 | 27.81 | 7301 | 33.13 | 3050 | 20.52 | 6019 | 24.09 | 17 729 | 26.55 |
No | 3528 | 72.19 | 14 736 | 66.87 | 11 815 | 79.48 | 18 970 | 75.91 | 49 049 | 73.45 |
p Value* | <0.0001 | |||||||||
Parity (live births) | ||||||||||
0 | 58 | 1.19 | 409 | 1.86 | 941 | 6.33 | 726 | 2.91 | 2134 | 3.20 |
1–2 | 128 | 2.62 | 985 | 4.47 | 2443 | 16.43 | 2032 | 8.13 | 5588 | 8.37 |
3–4 | 31 | 0.63 | 329 | 1.49 | 611 | 4.11 | 535 | 2.14 | 1506 | 2.26 |
5+ | 5 | 0.10 | 47 | 0.21 | 92 | 0.62 | 66 | 0.26 | 210 | 0.31 |
Missing | 4665 | 95.46 | 20 267 | 91.97 | 10 778 | 72.51 | 21 630 | 86.56 | 57 340 | 85.87 |
p Value* | <0.0001 | |||||||||
Number of outpatient visits during study period | ||||||||||
None | 11 | 0.23 | 48 | 0.22 | 213 | 1.43 | 526 | 2.10 | 798 | 1.20 |
Quartile 1 (1–24) | 1069 | 21.87 | 2081 | 9.44 | 4709 | 31.68 | 8167 | 32.68 | 16 026 | 24.00 |
Quartile 2 (25–55) | 1451 | 29.69 | 5504 | 24.98 | 3906 | 26.28 | 5716 | 22.87 | 16 577 | 24.82 |
Quartile 3 (56–102) | 1324 | 27.09 | 7172 | 32.55 | 3142 | 21.14 | 5177 | 20.72 | 16 815 | 25.18 |
Quartile 4 (≥103) | 1032 | 21.12 | 7232 | 32.82 | 2895 | 19.48 | 5403 | 21.62 | 16 562 | 24.80 |
p Value* | <0.0001 | |||||||||
Charlson index 1 year prior to index DM date | ||||||||||
0 | 4118 | 84.26 | 18 795 | 85.29 | 11 394 | 76.65 | 17 927 | 71.74 | 52 234 | 78.22 |
1–2 | 708 | 14.49 | 2924 | 13.27 | 2596 | 17.46 | 5373 | 21.50 | 11 601 | 17.37 |
3+ | 61 | 1.25 | 318 | 1.44 | 875 | 5.89 | 1689 | 6.76 | 2943 | 4.41 |
p Value* | <0.0001 |
*Based on χ2 test.
DM, diabetes mellitus.