Baseline characteristics of Humalog Mix50 users
| Characteristics | Total (n=1267) | Responders (n=457) | Non-responders (n=810) | OR (95% CI) (unadjusted) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure/predictors | |||||
| Age (years) | 61 (15) | 62 (14) | 61 (15) | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.01) | 0.1 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 682 (54) | 251 (37) | 431 (63) | 1 | |
| Female | 585 (46) | 206 (35) | 379 (65) | 0.93 (0.74 to 1.17) | 0.9 |
| Townsend deprivation | |||||
| I—least deprived | 226 (18) | 84 (37) | 142 (63) | 1 | |
| II | 269 (21) | 94 (35) | 175 (65) | 0.91 (0.63 to 1.31) | 0.6 |
| III | 284 (22) | 103 (36) | 181 (64) | 0.96 (0.67 to 1.38) | 0.8 |
| IV | 274 (22) | 94 (34) | 180 (66) | 0.88 (0.61 to 1.27) | 0.5 |
| V—most deprived | 214 (17) | 82 (38) | 132 (62) | 1.05 (0.71 to 1.54) | 0.8 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.4 (6.8) | 31 (6.9) | 30 (6.7) | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) | 0.01 |
| BMI categories (kg/m2) | |||||
| Normal | 259 (20) | 79 (31) | 180 (70) | 1 | |
| Overweight | 406 (32) | 140 (34) | 266 (66) | 1.20 (0.86 to 1.68) | 0.3 |
| Obese | 602 (48) | 238 (40) | 364 (40) | 1.49 (1.09 to 2.03) | 0.01 |
| Weight (kg) | 85.8 (2.) | 87 (20) | 85 (20) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | 0.1 |
| Baseline HbA1c (%) | 9.6 (1.5) | 10.2 (1.7) | 9.3 (1.3) | 1.54 (1.41 to 1.68) | <0.001 |
| BP (mm Hg) | |||||
| Systolic BP | 139 (19) | 139 (19) | 139 (19) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | 0.6 |
| Diastolic BP | 76 (11) | 76 (11) | 76 (11) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | 0.6 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.7 (1.3) | 4.7 (1.3) | 4.7 (1.2) | 1.01 (0.92 to 1.10) | 0.9 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.3 (0.6) | 1.3 (0.6) | 1.4 (0.5) | 0.78 (0.63 to 0.98) | 0.03 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.6 (1.1) | 2.6 (1.1) | 2.6 (1.1) | 1.02 (0.92 to 1.14) | 0.7 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 2.4 (6.6) | 2.7 (4.9) | 2.2 (7.3) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 0.2 |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never smoked | 577 (46) | 204 (35) | 373 (65) | 1 | |
| Current smoker | 226 (18) | 76 (34) | 150 (66) | 0.93 (0.67 to 1.28) | 0.6 |
| Ex-smoker | 464 (37) | 177 (38) | 287 (62) | 1.13 (0.87 to 1.45) | 0.9 |
| Use of medications | |||||
| Antihypertensive | 1076 (85) | 381 (35) | 695 (65) | 1.83 (0.61 to 1.13) | 0.2 |
| Lipid-lowering therapy | 911 (72) | 341 (37) | 570 (63) | 1.24 (0.96 to 1.60) | 0.1 |
| Aspirin | 693 (55) | 255 (37) | 438 (63) | 1.07 (0.85 to 1.35) | 0.5 |
| Oral antidiabetic | |||||
| Gliptin | 44 (3) | 16 (36) | 28 (63) | 1.01 (0.54 to 1.89) | 0.9 |
| GLP1 | 61 (5) | 25 (41) | 36 (59) | 1.24 (0.73 to 2.10) | 0.4 |
| Metformin | 1115 (88) | 400 (36) | 715 (64) | 0.93 (0.66 to 1.32) | 0.7 |
| Sulfonylurea | 465 (37) | 177 (38) | 288 (62) | 1.15 (0.90 to 1.45) | 0.3 |
| Thiazolidinedione | 133 (11) | 49 (37) | 84 (63) | 1.04 (0.72 to 1.51) | 0.8 |
| Other | 95 (8) | 35 (37) | 60 (63) | 1.03 (0.67 to 1.60) | 0.9 |
| Previous insulin therapy | |||||
| Premixed regimen | 925 (73) | 325 (35) | 600 (65) | 1 | |
| Basal insulin | 253 (20) | 95 (38) | 158 (62) | 1.11 (0.83 to 1.48) | 0.5 |
| Bolus | 89 (7) | 37 (42) | 52 (58) | 1.31 (0.84 to 2.05) | 0.2 |
| Comorbid conditions | |||||
| CHD | 636 (50) | 237 (37) | 399 (63) | 1.11 (0.88 to 1.40) | 0.4 |
| PAD | 313 (25) | 120 (38) | 193 (62) | 1.14 (0.87 to 1.48) | 0.3 |
| Cerebrovascular | 252 (20) | 87 (35) | 165 (65) | 0.92 (0.69 to 1.28) | 0.6 |
| Heart failure | 228 (18) | 96 (42) | 132 (58) | 1.37 (1.02 to 1.83) | 0.04 |
| Hypoglycemia | 549 (43) | 193 (35) | 356 (65) | 0.93 (0.74 to 1.18) | 0.6 |
| Number of Mix50 Rx | |||||
| 2–5 | 406 (32) | 131 (32) | 275 (68) | 1 | |
| 6–8 | 315 (25) | 95 (30) | 220 (70) | 0.91 (0.66 to 1.25) | 0.5 |
| 9–12 | 284 (22) | 104 (37) | 180 (63) | 1.21 (0.88 to 1.67) | 0.2 |
| ≥13 | 262 (21) | 127 (48) | 135 (52) | 1.97 (1.43 to 2.72) | <0.001 |
| Duration of therapy (months) | |||||
| 0–3 | 111 (9) | 27 (24) | 84 (76) | 1 | |
| 3–6 | 106 (8) | 33 (31) | 73 (69) | 1.41 (0.77 to 2.56) | 0.3 |
| 6–9 | 133 (11) | 48 (36) | 58 (64) | 1.76 (100 to 3.07) | 0.05 |
| 9–12 | 917 (72) | 349 (38) | 568 (62) | 1.91 (1.21 to 3.01) | 0.005 |
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CHD, coronary heart disease; GLP1, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonis; HbA1c; glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PAD, peripheral artery disease.