Prevalence of DR in various subgroups
| Prevalence of DR | Prevalence of STDR | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | n (%) | (95% CI) | p Value | n (%) | (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Overall | 1190 | 122 (10.3) | (8.53 to 11.97) | 45 (3.8) | (2.70 to 4.86) | ||
| Known diabetes | 865 | 113 (13.1) | (10.81 to 15.31) | <0.0001 | 43 (5.0) | (3.52 to 6.42) | <0.0001 |
| Newly diagnosed | 325 | 9 (2.8) | (0.99 to 4.55) | 2 (0.6) | (-0.23 to 1.47) | ||
| Age groups (years) | |||||||
| 40–49 | 390 | 24 (6.2) | (3.77 to 8.53) | 4 (1.0) | (0.03 to 2.03) | ||
| 50–59 | 390 | 50 (12.8) | (9.50 to 16.14) | 0.007 | 23 (5.9) | (3.56 to 8.24) | 0.001 |
| 60–69 | 318 | 40 (12.6) | (8.94 to 16.22) | 17 (5.3) | (2.88 to 7.82) | ||
| >69 | 92 | 8 (8.7) | (2.94 to 14.46) | 1 (1.1) | (-1.03 to 3.21) | ||
| Gender | |||||||
| Female | 651 | 53 (8.1) | (6.04 to 10.24) | 0.008 | 20 (3.1) | (1.74 to 4.40) | 0.159 |
| Male | 539 | 69 (12.8) | (9.98 to 15.62) | 25 (4.6) | (2.86 to 6.42) | ||
| Duration group (years) | |||||||
| <5 | 916 | 58 (6.3) | (4.75 to 7.91) | 19 (2.1) | (1.15 to 2.99) | ||
| 5–10 | 160 | 29 (18.1) | (12.16 to 24.10) | <0.0001 | 11 (6.9) | (2.96 to 10.80) | <0.0001 |
| 10–15 | 79 | 22 (27.8) | (17.97 to 37.73) | 9 (11.4) | (4.38 to 18.40) | ||
| >15 | 35 | 13 (37.1) | (21.13 to 53.15) | 6 (17.1) | (4.65 to 29.63) | ||
| HbA1c | |||||||
| <7.0 | 593 | 30 (5.1) | (3.30 to 6.82) | 9 (1.5) | (0.54 to 2.50) | ||
| >7.0 | 597 | 92 (15.4) | (12.51 to 18.31) | <0.0001 | 36 (6.0) | (4.12 to 7.94) | <0.0001 |
| Insulin status | |||||||
| User | 25 | 11 (44.0) | (24.54 to 63.46) | 7 (28.0) | (10.40 to 45.60) | ||
| Non-user | 1165 | 111 (9.5) | 7.84 to 11.22 | <0.0001 | 38 (3.3) | 2.242 to 4.28 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic BP | |||||||
| <140 | 1013 | 87 (8.6) | (6.86 to 10.32) | 38 (3.8) | (2.58 to 4.92) | ||
| >140 | 177 | 35 (19.8) | (13.9 to 25.64) | <0.0001 | 7 (4.0) | (1.08 to 6.82) | 0.896 |
| Diastolic BP | |||||||
| <90 | 932 | 82 (8.8) | (6.98 to 10.62) | 34 (3.6) | (2.45 to 4.85) | ||
| >90 | 258 | 40 (15.5) | (11.08 to 19.92) | 0.002 | 11 (4.3) | (1.80 to 6.72) | 0.646 |
BP, blood pressure (mm Hg); DR, diabetic retinopathy; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin (%); STDR, sight-threatening DR.