Multivariate ZIP-modeling and incidence RRs (95% CI) of the hospitalization due to infections and antibiotic purchases in all patients with type 1 diabetes and NDCs
| Hospitalizations | Antibiotic purchases | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients with type 1 diabetes | NDC | All patients with type 1 diabetes | NDC | |
| Age (years) | 0.98 (0.98 to 0.99) | 0.97 (0.97 to 0.98) | 0.99 (0.99 to 0.99) | 0.99 (0.99 to 0.99) |
| Sex (men as reference) | 0.95 (0.84 to 1.07) | 0.56 (0.50 to 0.62) | 1.54 (1.46 to 1.63) | 1.49 (1.44 to 1.55) |
| Calendar year | 1.04 (1.03 to 1.05) | 0.97 (0.96 to 0.98) | 1.02 (1.02 to 1.02) | 1.01 (1.01 to 1.01) |
| Hypertension | 2.45 (2.12 to 2.83) | 1.59 (1.40 to 1.82) | 1.56 (1.47 to 1.66) | 1.31 (1.26 to 1.37) |
| CVD hard event | 2.13 (1.81 to 2.49) | 1.94 (1.53 to 2.47) | 1.33 (1.23 to 1.44) | 0.97 (0.88 to 1.06) |
| Atherosclerosis | 3.16 (3.11 to 5.45) | 3.09 (1.87 to 3.29) | 2.94 (2.66 to 3.25) | 1.76 (1.29 to 2.38) |
| Cancer | 1.23 (1.02 to 1.48) | 2.50 (2.10 to 2.96) | 1.14 (1.04 to 1.24) | 1.24 (1.17 to 1.33) |
| Mental disorder | 1.42 (1.25 to 1.62) | 1.28 (1.13 to 1.45) | 1.24 (1.17 to 1.32) | 1.31 (1.26 to 1.37) |
| Alcoholism | 2.02 (1.57 to 2.59) | 1.76 (1.41 to 2.18) | 1.16 (1.02 to 1.32) | 1.01 (0.93 to 1.10) |
| Neurological disease | 1.67 (1.30 to 2.15) | 2.16 (1.64 to 2.85) | 1.13 (0.99 to 1.28) | 1.10 (0.99 to 1.24) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1.24 (0.97 to 2.15) | 1.61 (1.21 to 2.14) | 1.15 (1.02 to 1.29) | 1.36 (1.23 to 1.51) |
| Respiratory diseases (asthma/COPD) | 1.18 (1.03 to 1.34) | 1.62 (1.44 to 1.82) | 1.47 (1.38 to 1.56) | 1.97(1.89 to 2.05) |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; NDC, non-diabetic controls; RR, rate ratio; ZIP, zero-inflated Poisson.