Table 2

Changes in antidiabetic treatment, weight, DXA, CPX, and 6 min hall-walk test

 No optimization (n=19)Optimization (n=20)p Value*
BaselineFollow-upBaselineFollow-up
Antidiabetic treatment
 Insulin (n)16161819
 Insulin dose (IU/day)74 (49–128)68 (46–128)60 (47–86)80 (53–90)†0.001
 Metformin (n)99911
 Metformin dose (mg/day)1750±6841805±6821650±5321816±4760.39
 Blood sample measurements
 HbA1c (%/mmol/mol))8.3±0.7/67±108.4±1.0/68±118.4±0.8/68±97.6±0.7/60±7‡<0.001
 Glucose (mM)10.9±3.011.0±2.910.7±3.28.6±3.7§0.02
 LDL (mM)1.8±0.71.9±0.72.0±1.12.2±1.20.99
 Triglyceride (mM)1.6 (1.1–2.7)1.3 (1.0–2.5)1.9 (1.2–3.0)1.9 (1.5–2.6)0.65
DXA
 Weight (kg)102±24100±2397±1597±130.19
 Fat tissue (kg)34.5±13.633.6±13.130.4±7.030.7±7.00.07
 Lean tissue (kg)63.9±11.663.3±11.162.2±9.263.1±7.90.07
 Muscle strength
 Hand grip test (kg)37.2±8.134.8±8.3§34.9±10.235.4±10.70.01
CPX
 Exercise capacity (W)86±2489±2781±2776±270.12
 Peak O2 mL/min/kg13.2±3.812.5±3.712.0±3.611.0±3.40.55
 RER1.07±0.141.12±0.091.12±0.111.14±0.100.28
 6-MWT (m)449±79452±85393±89399±950.84
  • Results are presented as mean±SD or median (25–75% percentile). There was no differences (p>0.05) in baseline values between the groups.

  • *p Values refer to differences in changes from baseline to follow-up between the groups.

  • †Significant increase from baseline within group (p<0.001).

  • ‡Significant decrease from baseline within group (p<0.001).

  • §Significant decrease from baseline within group (p<0.01). 6-MWT, 6 min hall-walk test; CPX, cardiopulmonary exercise test; DXA, dual X-ray absorptiometry; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; IU, international units; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; RER, respiratory exchange ratio.