Description of costs, HNR study, Germany*
| Age-standardized and sex-standardized† proportions of persons with healthcare in % (95% CI‡) | Age–sex standardized† mean costs per person in €(95% CI‡) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full sample | Normal fasting glycemia | Impaired fasting glycemia | Previously undetected diabetes | Previously diagnosed diabetes | Full sample | Normal fasting glycemia | Impaired fasting glycemia | Previously undetected diabetes | Previously diagnosed diabetes | |
| (N=1709) | (N=951) | (N=403) | (N=105) | (N=250) | (N=1709) | (N=951) | (N=403) | (N=105) | (N=250) | |
| Inpatient care per person and year | ||||||||||
| Hospitalization | 21.2 (19.3 to 23.2) | 20.8 (18.3 to 23.5) | 19.9 (16.1 to 24.0) | 19.7 (12.6 to 28.2) | 26.6 (21.3 to 32.9) | 845 (741 to 975) | 784 (652 to 954) | 806 (593 to 1078) | 1128 (487 to 3169) | 1186 (879 to 1600) |
| Outpatient care per person and year | ||||||||||
| Total outpatient contacts | 91.1 (89.6 to 92.4) | 90.2 (88.0 to 92.2) | 91.4 (88.1 to 93.9) | 90.5 (83.6 to 95.3) | 92.2 (87.8 to 95.1) | 782 (734 to 865) | 720 (664 to 862) | 847 (717 to 1152) | 741 (591 to 963) | 934 (844 to 1037) |
| Outpatient contacts with EBM reimbursement (German compensation scheme) | 91.1 (89.6 to 92.4) | 90.2 (88.0 to 92.2) | 91.4 (88.1 to 93.9) | 90.5 (83.6 to 95.3) | 92.2 (87.8 to 95.1) | 645 (616 to 678) | 610 (573 to 652) | 653 (594 to 728) | 645 (520 to 832) | 749 (676 to 841) |
| Outpatient contacts associated with costs for dialysis equipment | 0.2 (0.0 to 0.4) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.5) | 0.4 (0.0 to 1.6) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 40 (13 to 116) | 32 (0 to 169) | 108 (0 to 393) | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Outpatient contacts with extrabudgetary services | 27.0 (25.0 to 29.1) | 27.5 (24.8 to 30.4) | 27.4 (23.0 to 31.9) | 21.8 (14.0 to 30.3) | 26.2 (20.6 to 32.2) | 25 (20 to 32) | 24 (18 to 35) | 23 (15 to 43) | 23 (8 to 81) | 27 (18 to 54) |
| Other outpatient services | 76.7 (74.6 to 78.7) | 75.4 (72.5 to 78.2) | 77.9 (73.5 to 82.0) | 73.2 (63.5 to 80.7) | 78.1 (71.9 to 83.3) | 73 (64 to 83) | 54 (44 to 67) | 62 (47 to 91) | 73 (41 to 131) | 158 (134 to 187) |
| Medication per person and year | ||||||||||
| Intake of drugs | 84.8 (83.0 to 86.5) | 83.7 (81.2 to 86.2) | 83.6 (79.7 to 87.2) | 83.9 (75.3 to 90.2) | 89.4 (84.6 to 93.0) | 379 (339 to 455) | 305 (271 to 381) | 382 (297 to 641) | 342 (234 to 585) | 641 (559 to 750) |
| Intake of drugs without antihyperglycemic drugs (ATC A 10) | 84.6 (82.7 to 86.2) | 83.7 (81.2 to 86.2) | 83.6 (79.7 to 87.2) | 83.9 (75.3 to 90.2) | 87.8 (82.9 to 91.7) | 352 (314 to 429) | 305 (271 to 381) | 382 (297 to 641) | 342 (234 to 585) | 457 (390 to 546) |
| Intake of cardiovascular drugs (ATC C) | 54.4 (51.9 to 56.7) | 47.5 (44.3 to 50.7) | 55.8 (51.0 to 60.6) | 61.3 (52.0 to 70.6) | 75.6 (69.7 to 81.0) | 109 (101 to 118) | 86 (76 to 99) | 110 (95 to 129) | 111 (87 to 147) | 201 (172 to 236) |
| Total direct healthcare per person and year | ||||||||||
| Total direct healthcare | 91.9 (90.3 to 93.1) | 91.1 (89.0 to 93.0) | 92.0 (88.9 to 94.5) | 90.5 (83.6 to 95.3) | 93.6 (89.5 to 96.2) | 2006 (1859 to 2175) | 1810 (1634 to 2035) | 2035 (1732 to 2486) | 2210 (1483 to 4279) | 2761 (2378 to 3268) |
*Study period: four complete quarters before the follow-up examination (ie, 1 year).
†Age-standardized and sex-standardized; standard: German population 31 December 2006 (http://www.destatis.de).
‡BCA-method using bootstrap procedures.
ATC, anatomical therapeutic chemical; BCA, bias corrected and accelerated; EBM, einheitlicher bewertungsmaßstab; HNR, Heinz Nixdorf Recall study.