Illness perceptions
| All (n=105) | Males (n=44) | Females (n=61) | Significance | Effect size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| How much does your diabetes affect your life? (Consequences) | 5.3 (2.3) | 4.3 (2.1) | 6.1 (2.1) | 0.001 | −0.9 |
| How long do you think your diabetes will continue? (Timeline) | 9.5 (1.3) | 9.0 (1.7) | 9.8 (0.7) | 0.01 | −0.6 |
| How much control do you feel that you have over your diabetes? (Personal control) | 2.5 (2.0) | 2.0 (1.5) | 2.9 (2.2) | 0.05 | −0.5 |
| How much do you think your treatment can help your diabetes? (Treatment control) | 2.3 (2.1) | 1.8 (1.8) | 2.6 (2.2) | 0.05 | −0.4 |
| How much do you experience symptoms from your diabetes? (Identity) | 4.4 (2.4) | 3.2 (1.8) | 5.3 (2.4) | 0.001 | −1.0 |
| How concerned are you about your diabetes? (Concern) | 3.7 (2.6) | 2.6 (2.3) | 4.5 (2.5) | 0.001 | −0.8 |
| How well do you feel you understand your diabetes? (Coherence) | 2.2 (2.0) | 1.8 (1.5) | 2.6 (2.3) | 0.05 | −0.4 |
| How much does your diabetes affect you emotionally? (Emotional representation) | 5.2 (2.8) | 3.7 (2.6) | 6.3 (2.5) | 0.001 | −1.0 |
| Overall score | 35.0 (11.9) | 28.5 (9.3) | 39.7 (11.3) | 0.001 | −1.1 |
Mean scores (SD) for males and females on each of the eight illness perception items. Higher scores indicate more negative perceptions of type 1 diabetes.
Data are mean and SD. p Value >0.05=non-significant. Effect size Cohen's d.