Overall | Amerindian | Creole | Hindustani | Javanese | Maroon | Mixed | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | n=3393 | n=274 | n=397 | n=886 | n=515 | n=809 | n=454 |
Sex | |||||||
Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Female | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.1) | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.6) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.4) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.4) | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.5) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.1) |
Age (years) | |||||||
15–34 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
35–44 | 3.6 (2.8 to 4.6)* | 9.4 (2.4 to 36.8) * | 4.6 (2.1 to 9.8)* | 2.9 (2.0 to 4.1)* | 3.2 (1.6 to 6.6)* | 5.8 (2.7 to 12.2)* | 1.9 (1.0 to 3.5)* |
45–54 | 7.1 (5.6 to 9.0)* | 10.9 (2.6 to 45.9)* | 4.7 (2.3 to 9.6)* | 6.5 (4.6 to 9.2)* | 8.7 (4.4 to 17.6)* | 8.8 (4.1 to 19.1)* | 3.8 (2.0 to 7.1)* |
55–64 | 10.4 (8.0 to 13.6)* | 13.6 (2.7 to 67.9)* | 5.8 (2.7 to 12.4)* | 11.6 (7.5 to 18.1)* | 17.2 (8.1 to 36.6)* | 9.3 (4.0 to 21.5)* | 8.3 (4.3 to 15.8)* |
Education | |||||||
Low | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.2) | 1.1 (0.3 to 3.9) | 1.5 (0.8 to 3.0) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.2) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5) | 0.7 (0.3 to 2.2) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.2) |
High | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) | 6.0 (0.9 to 41.8) | 1.5 (0.7 to 2.9) | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.9)* | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.3) | 3.1 (1.4 to 7.0)* | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.0) |
Income status | |||||||
q1-lowest | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
q2 | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) | 0.7 (0.3 to 3.3) | 1.5 (0.6 to 4.1) | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.9)* | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.4) | 1.5 (0.6 to 3.5) | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.1) |
q3 | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.2) | 2.7 (0.2 to 45.0) | 2.4 (0.8 to 7.0) | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.8)* | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.5) | 1.1 (0.2 to 5.0) | 0.4 (0.2 to 1.3) |
q4 and q5-highest | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.0)* | 1.4 (0.2 to 8.9) | 3.0 (1.0 to 9.3)* | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.7) * | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.6) | 2.1 (0.6 to 7.3) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.7)* |
Residential area | |||||||
Urban coastal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Rural coastal | 1.0 (08 to 1.3) | 1.3 (0.5 to 3.8) | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.3) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.3) | 1.7 (0.7 to 4.7) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.7) |
Rural interior | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.5) * | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.7) * | NA | NA | NA | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7) | NA |
Marital status | |||||||
Not married | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Married | 0.8 (0.7 to 1.0)* | 1.5 (0.6 to 4.1) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.4) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.4) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.7) |
Employment | |||||||
Employed | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Not employed | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) | 0.4 (0.1 to 1.0)* | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.6)* | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.9) | 1 (0.6 to 1.6) | 2.4 (1.3 to 4.3) * |
Smoking status | |||||||
Not smoking | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Smoking | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.5) | 6.1 (1.5 to 24.8)* | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.5) | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.1) | 1.8 (0.7 to 5.0) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.7) |
Physical activity | |||||||
MET<600 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
MET≥600 | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.0) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.7)* | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.6) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9)* | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5) | 1.1 (0.6 to 2.2) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.6) |
Body mass index | |||||||
<25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
25–27.5 | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.3) * | 3.3 (0.7 to 16.0) | 5.4 (2.2 to 13.4) * | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.5) * | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.6) | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.3) | 0.8 (0.4 to 2.0) |
27.5–30 | 2.1 (1.6 to 2.8) * | 3.3 (0.8 to 13.5) | 5.6 (2.2 to 13.8) * | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.6) * | 2.0 (1.0 to 3.8)* | 0.7 (0.2 to 1.9) | 2.2 (1.1 to 4.1)* |
30+ | 3.0 (2.3 to 3.7) * | 3.5 (0.9 to 13.0) | 7.6 (3.4 to 16.8) * | 3.9 (2.1 to 4.2) * | 2.7 (1.5 to 4.8) * | 1.6 (0.8 to 3.3) | 2.9 (1.6 to 5.0) * |
Waist circumference (cm) | |||||||
≤102 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
>102 | 2.5 (2.0 to 3.0) * | 3.8 (1.3 to 11.7)* | 3.8 (2.0 to 7.3) * | 2.0 (1.9 to 4.3) * | 1.4 (1.4 to 4.0)* | 2.7 (1.3 to 5.8) * | 2.6 (1.3 to 4.4) * |
Blood pressure | |||||||
Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
High | 2.2 (1.8 to 2.6) * | 1.2 (0.4 to 3.2) | 1.1 (0.6 to 2.0) | 2.7 (2.0 to 3.7) * | 2.6 (1.6 to 4.2) * | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.3) | 1.9 (1.1 to 3.3)* |
Total cholesterol | |||||||
<6.2 mmol/L | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
≥6.2 mmol/L | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.6) * | 1.5 (0.2 to 8.6) | 0.3 (0.1 to 1.5) | 2.0 (1.2 to 3.3)* | 3.6 (1.8 to 7.2) * | 1.8 (0.8 to 4.1) | 1.7 (0.8 to 4.1) |
HDL cholesterol | |||||||
≥1.3 mmol/L | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
<1.3 mmol/L | 2.0 (1.6 to 2.5) * | 6.7 (1.9 to 24.4)* | 2.0 (1.1 to 3.5)* | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.7)* | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.2) | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.3) | 2.1 (1.2 to 3.7)* |
LDL cholesterol | |||||||
<3 mmol/L | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
≥3 mmol/L | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4) | 1.3 (0.5 to 3.2) | 1.1 (0.6 to 2.0) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.4) | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.4) | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.0) |
Triglycerides | |||||||
<1.7 mmol/L | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
≥1.7 mmol/L | 2.7 (2.1 to 3.4) * | 0.7 (0.2 to 1.9) | 2.7 (1.0 to 7.1)* | 2.3 (1.6 to 3.2)* | 2.7 (1.7 to 4.5)* | 10.2 (4.0 to 25.7)* | 5.6 (2.8 to 11.0)* |
ORs adjusted to sex and age were calculated in weighted data (*p<0.05).
The sample weights included adjustment weights for sex and age.
Additional adjustment weights for ethnicity were included in the analyses of the overall group.
BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; NA, not applicable; q, income status quintile.