Table 2

ORs for prediabetes or diabetes by various risk factors

OverallAmerindianCreoleHindustaniJavaneseMaroonMixed
Characteristicsn=3393n=274n=397n=886n=515n=809n=454
Sex
 Male1111111
 Female0.9 (0.8 to 1.1)1.0 (0.4 to 2.6)0.8 (0.5 to 1.4)0.9 (0.7 to 1.2)1.5 (1.0 to 2.4)1.4 (0.8 to 2.5)0.7 (0.4 to 1.1)
Age (years)
 15–341111111
 35–443.6 (2.8 to 4.6)*9.4 (2.4 to 36.8) *4.6 (2.1 to 9.8)*2.9 (2.0 to 4.1)*3.2 (1.6 to 6.6)*5.8 (2.7 to 12.2)*1.9 (1.0 to 3.5)*
 45–547.1 (5.6 to 9.0)*10.9 (2.6 to 45.9)*4.7 (2.3 to 9.6)*6.5 (4.6 to 9.2)*8.7 (4.4 to 17.6)*8.8 (4.1 to 19.1)*3.8 (2.0 to 7.1)*
 55–6410.4 (8.0 to 13.6)*13.6 (2.7 to 67.9)*5.8 (2.7 to 12.4)*11.6 (7.5 to 18.1)*17.2 (8.1 to 36.6)*9.3 (4.0 to 21.5)*8.3 (4.3 to 15.8)*
Education
 Low1111111
 Middle1.0 (0.8 to 1.2)1.1 (0.3 to 3.9)1.5 (0.8 to 3.0)0.8 (0.6 to 1.2)0.9 (0.5 to 1.5)0.7 (0.3 to 2.2)0.7 (0.4 to 1.2)
 High0.8 (0.6 to 1.0)6.0 (0.9 to 41.8)1.5 (0.7 to 2.9)0.6 (0.4 to 0.9)*0.6 (0.3 to 1.3)3.1 (1.4 to 7.0)*0.6 (0.3 to 1.0)
Income status
 q1-lowest1111111
 q21.0 (0.8 to 1.3)0.7 (0.3 to 3.3)1.5 (0.6 to 4.1)0.6 (0.4 to 0.9)*0.7 (0.3 to 1.4)1.5 (0.6 to 3.5)0.9 (0.4 to 2.1)
 q30.8 (0.6 to 1.2)2.7 (0.2 to 45.0)2.4 (0.8 to 7.0)0.4 (0.2 to 0.8)*0.6 (0.3 to 1.5)1.1 (0.2 to 5.0)0.4 (0.2 to 1.3)
 q4 and q5-highest0.7 (0.5 to 1.0)*1.4 (0.2 to 8.9)3.0 (1.0 to 9.3)*0.4 (0.2 to 0.7) *0.7 (0.3 to 1.6)2.1 (0.6 to 7.3)0.3 (0.1 to 0.7)*
Residential area
 Urban coastal1111111
 Rural coastal1.0 (08 to 1.3)1.3 (0.5 to 3.8)1.1 (0.5 to 2.3)1.0 (0.7 to 1.4)0.7 (0.4 to 1.3)1.7 (0.7 to 4.7)0.8 (0.4 to 1.7)
 Rural interior0.4 (0.2 to 0.5) *0.2 (0.1 to 0.7) *NANANA0.9 (0.5 to 1.7)NA
Marital status
 Not married1111111
 Married0.8 (0.7 to 1.0)*1.5 (0.6 to 4.1)0.8 (0.4 to 1.4)1.0 (0.7 to 1.3)0.9 (0.5 to 1.5)0.8 (0.5 to 1.4)1.0 (0.6 to 1.7)
Employment
 Employed1111111
 Not employed1.1 (0.9 to 1.3)0.4 (0.1 to 1.0)*0.2 (0.1 to 0.6)*1.3 (0.9 to 1.8)1.1 (0.6 to 1.9)1 (0.6 to 1.6)2.4 (1.3 to 4.3) *
Smoking status
 Not smoking1111111
 Smoking1.2 (0.9 to 1.5)6.1 (1.5 to 24.8)*0.8 (0.4 to 1.5)1.2 (0.8 to 1.7)1.2 (0.7 to 2.1)1.8 (0.7 to 5.0)1.0 (0.6 to 1.7)
Physical activity
 MET<6001111111
 MET≥6000.9 (0.7 to 1.0)0.2 (0.1 to 0.7)*1.3 (0.7 to 2.6)0.7 (0.5 to 0.9)*0.9 (0.5 to 1.5)1.1 (0.6 to 2.2)1.0 (0.6 to 1.6)
Body mass index
 <251111111
 25–27.51.7 (1.3 to 2.3) *3.3 (0.7 to 16.0)5.4 (2.2 to 13.4) *1.6 (1.1 to 2.5) *0.8 (0.4 to 1.6)1.4 (0.6 to 3.3)0.8 (0.4 to 2.0)
 27.5–302.1 (1.6 to 2.8) *3.3 (0.8 to 13.5)5.6 (2.2 to 13.8) *1.7 (1.1 to 2.6) *2.0 (1.0 to 3.8)*0.7 (0.2 to 1.9)2.2 (1.1 to 4.1)*
 30+3.0 (2.3 to 3.7) *3.5 (0.9 to 13.0)7.6 (3.4 to 16.8) *3.9 (2.1 to 4.2) *2.7 (1.5 to 4.8) *1.6 (0.8 to 3.3)2.9 (1.6 to 5.0) *
Waist circumference (cm)
 ≤1021111111
 >1022.5 (2.0 to 3.0) *3.8 (1.3 to 11.7)*3.8 (2.0 to 7.3) *2.0 (1.9 to 4.3) *1.4 (1.4 to 4.0)*2.7 (1.3 to 5.8) *2.6 (1.3 to 4.4) *
Blood pressure
 Normal1111111
 High2.2 (1.8 to 2.6) *1.2 (0.4 to 3.2)1.1 (0.6 to 2.0)2.7 (2.0 to 3.7) *2.6 (1.6 to 4.2) *1.2 (0.6 to 2.3)1.9 (1.1 to 3.3)*
Total cholesterol
 <6.2 mmol/L1111111
 ≥6.2 mmol/L1.9 (1.4 to 2.6) *1.5 (0.2 to 8.6)0.3 (0.1 to 1.5)2.0 (1.2 to 3.3)*3.6 (1.8 to 7.2) *1.8 (0.8 to 4.1)1.7 (0.8 to 4.1)
HDL cholesterol
 ≥1.3 mmol/L1111111
 <1.3 mmol/L2.0 (1.6 to 2.5) *6.7 (1.9 to 24.4)*2.0 (1.1 to 3.5)*1.9 (1.3 to 2.7)*1.2 (0.7 to 2.2)1.3 (0.8 to 2.3)2.1 (1.2 to 3.7)*
LDL cholesterol
 <3 mmol/L1111111
 ≥3 mmol/L1.1 (0.9 to 1.4)1.3 (0.5 to 3.2)1.1 (0.6 to 2.0)0.8 (0.6 to 1.1)0.8 (0.5 to 1.4)1.2 (0.7 to 2.4)1.2 (0.7 to 2.0)
Triglycerides
 <1.7 mmol/L1111111
 ≥1.7 mmol/L2.7 (2.1 to 3.4) *0.7 (0.2 to 1.9)2.7 (1.0 to 7.1)*2.3 (1.6 to 3.2)*2.7 (1.7 to 4.5)*10.2 (4.0 to 25.7)*5.6 (2.8 to 11.0)*

  • ORs adjusted to sex and age were calculated in weighted data (*p<0.05).

  • The sample weights included adjustment weights for sex and age.

  • Additional adjustment weights for ethnicity were included in the analyses of the overall group.

  • BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; NA, not applicable; q, income status quintile.