Table 2

Adjusted ORs† for process quality indicators by sex, age, prescription, and types of medical consultation facility

HbA1c test (≥1 per year)HbA1c test (≥1 per 3 months)Eye examination
OR95% CIp ValueOR95% CIp ValueOR95% CIp Value
Sex
 Men1.08(0.96 to 1.22)0.1870.95(0.87 to 1.04)0.2610.59*(0.54 to 0.64)<0.001
 WomenReferenceReferenceReference
Age
 20–290.60*(0.39 to 0.93)0.0231.10(0.75 to 1.62)0.6250.43*(0.29 to 0.64)<0.001
 30–390.72*(0.57 to 0.91)0.0051.05(0.88 to 1.26)0.5870.53*(0.44 to 0.64)<0.001
 40–490.77*(0.66 to 0.91)0.0021.05(0.93 to 1.19)0.4060.56*(0.50 to 0.63)<0.001
 50–590.90(0.78 to 1.03)0.1340.98(0.88 to 1.09)0.7140.68*(0.61 to 0.75)<0.001
 60–69ReferenceReferenceReference
Prescription
 Insulin injection1.01(0.75 to 1.36)0.9331.90*(1.64 to 2.19)<0.0012.15*(1.89 to 2.44)<0.001
 Oral antihyperglycemic agentsReferenceReferenceReference
 No diabetes-related prescriptions0.09*(0.08 to 0.10)<0.0010.17*(0.16 to 0.19)<0.0010.54*(0.49 to 0.59)<0.001
Types of consultation medical facility
 Only one clinic1.14*(1.01 to 1.28)0.0290.57*(0.53 to 0.62)<0.0010.60*(0.55 to 0.65)<0.001
 OthersReferenceReferenceReference
Urine microalbumin excretion testSerum creatinine testSerum lipid test
OR95% CIp ValueOR95% CIp ValueOR95% CIp Value
Sex
 Men1.21*(1.06 to 1.39)0.0050.92(0.81 to 1.03)0.1530.90(0.80 to 1.02)0.107
 WomenReferenceReferenceReference
Age
 20–290.69(0.34 to 1.40)0.3021.30(0.72 to 2.33)0.3871.00(0.60 to 1.66)0.999
 30–391.17(0.90 to 1.52)0.2331.07(0.83 to 1.37)0.6230.97(0.76 to 1.24)0.789
 40–491.21*(1.01 to 1.44)0.0370.94(0.80 to 1.11)0.4980.94(0.80 to 1.12)0.496
 50–591.00(0.85 to 1.17)0.9710.86*(0.75 to 1.00)0.0430.92(0.80 to 1.06)0.256
 60–69ReferenceReferenceReference
Prescription
 Insulin injection1.50*(1.27 to 1.77)<0.0011.22(0.98 to 1.53)0.071.31*(1.03 to 1.65)0.026
 Oral antihyperglycemic agentsReferenceReferenceReference
 No diabetes-related prescriptions0.31*(0.27 to 0.37)<0.0010.55*(0.49 to 0.62)<0.0010.45*(0.40 to 0.51)<0.001
Type of medical consultation facility
 Only one clinic1.37*(1.21 to 1.55)<0.0010.55*(0.49 to 0.62)<0.0010.63*(0.56 to 0.71)<0.001
 OthersReferenceReferenceReference
  • *p<0.05.

  • †Separate multivariate logistic regression models were constructed for six quality indicators. Sex, age, prescription, medical consultation facility, and nine comorbid conditions (listed in table 1) were included in each multivariate logistic regression model. The references for the ORs in each comorbid condition are the condition-negative subgroups.

  • HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.