Predicted marginal prevalence and prevalence comparisons of diagnosed diabetes among HIV-infected adults and general US population adults, MMP and NHANES 2009, 2010
| HIV-infected adults | General population adults | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted prevalence (95% CI) | Adjusted prevalence (95% CI) | aPR (95% CI)* | aPD (95% CI)† | p Value | |
| Total | 11.8 (10.1 to 13.7) | 8.0 (7.1 to 9.1) | 1.47 (1.21 to 1.78) | 3.8 (1.8 to 5.8) | 0.0002 |
| Sex at birth | |||||
| Male | 11.2 (9.9 to 12.7) | 8.9 (7.2 to 10.7) | 1.28 (1.02 to 1.60) | 2.4 (0.3 to 4.6) | 0.03 |
| Female | 12.4 (10.1 to 15.2) | 7.4 (6.4 to 8.5) | 1.68 (1.31 to 2.15) | 5.0 (2.3 to 7.7) | 0.0003 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White (non-Hispanic) | 11.4 (9.6 to 13.5) | 6.5 (5.3 to 7.9) | 1.76 (1.37 to 2.28) | 4.9 (2.7 to 7.2) | <0.0001 |
| Black (non-Hispanic) | 13.1 (11.1 to 15.4) | 11.8 (9.7 to 14.3) | 1.11 (0.87 to 1.42) | 1.3 (−1.7 to 4.3) | 0.4 |
| Hispanic or Latino | 13.1 (10.3 to 16.4) | 11.4 (9.4 to 13.8) | 1.14 (0.85 to 1.54) | 1.6 (−2.1 to 5.4) | 0.4 |
| Other | 11.7 (8.5 to 15.9) | 14.8 (11.4 to 18.9) | 0.79 (0.53 to 1.17) | −3.1 (−8.3 to 2.1) | 0.2 |
| Age in years | |||||
| 20–44 | 6.4 (5.3 to 7.6) | 2.3 (1.7 to 3.2) | 2.77 (1.91 to 4.02) | 4.1 (2.7 to 5.5) | <0.0001 |
| 45–60 | 13.0 (11.0 to 15.2) | 9.1 (7.5 to 10.9) | 1.43 (1.12 to 1.81) | 3.9 (1.3 to 6.5) | 0.004 |
| ≥60 | 21.9 (17.9 to 26.6) | 19.5 (16.8 to 22.6) | 1.12 (0.88 to 1.44) | 2.4 (−2.8 to 7.6) | 0.4 |
| Education | |||||
| Less than high school | 13.0 (10.3 to 16.2) | 10.6 (9.3 to 12.1) | 1.22 (0.94 to 1.59) | 2.3 (−0.9 to 5.6) | 0.2 |
| High school or equivalent | 11.4 (9.9 to 13.6) | 6.3 (5.3 to 7.5) | 1.81 (1.39 to 2.35) | 5.1 (2.6 to 7.5) | 0.0001 |
| More than high school | 11.6 (9.9 to 13.6) | 7.8 (6.5 to 9.4) | 1.48 (1.17 to 1.87) | 3.8 (1.5 to 6.1) | 0.001 |
| Living at or below poverty line‡ | |||||
| No | 11.8 (10.1 to 13.8) | 8.1 (7.2 to 9.1) | 1.46 (1.20 to 1.77) | 3.7 (1.6 to 5.8) | 0.0005 |
| Yes | 11.8 (9.8 to 14.1) | 7.2 (5.4 to 9.7) | 1.63 (1.17 to 2.27) | 4.6 (1.7 to 7.4) | 0.002 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | |||||
| No | 7.8 (6.2 to 9.9) | 4.3 (3.5 to 5.4) | 1.81 (1.32 to 2.49) | 3.5 (1.4 to 5.6) | 0.0009 |
| Yes | 18.1 (15.8 to 20.7) | 13.7 (12.1 to 15.6) | 1.32 (1.10 to 1.58) | 4.4 (1.5 to 7.4) | 0.003 |
| Hepatitis C virus§ | |||||
| Positive | 13.4 (11.0 to 16.2) | 7.1 (3.8 to 13.1) | 1.88 (0.98 to 3.61) | 6.3 (1.1 to 11.4) | 0.02 |
| Negative | 11.8 (10.1 to 13.7) | 8.1 (7.1 to 9.1) | 1.46 (1.21 to 1.77) | 3.7 (1.7 to 5.7) | 0.0003 |
*Prevalence ratio using NHANES as the referent category.
†Prevalence difference calculated as prevalence(MMP)–prevalence(NHANES).
‡Calculated using the ratio of annual household income to number of people in the household.
§A total of n=7146 and n=5295 were screened for hepatitis C (HCV) in MMP and NHANES, respectively. HCV positivity was defined as having a documented positive anti-HCV enzyme immunoassay or strip immunoblot assay RIBA, HCV genotype, or HCV RNA through reverse transcriptase–PCR (RT–PCR).
aPD, adjusted prevalence difference; aPR, adjusted prevalence ratio; BMI, body mass index; MMP, Medical Monitoring Project; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.