Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of patients
| Type of variables | Variable | Mean±SD | N (% of the category) | N (% of total) |
| Demographic variables | Gender | |||
| Male | 216 (44.08) | 490 (100) | ||
| Female | 274 (55.92) | |||
| Age (years) | 60.6±11.3 | |||
| ≤35 | 12 (2.45) | 490 (100) | ||
| >35–50 | 70 (14.29) | |||
| >50–65 | 248 (50.61) | |||
| >65 | 160 (32.65) | |||
| Clinical variables | History of hypertension | 407 (83.40) | ||
| History of dyslipidemia | 455 (93.43) | |||
| Smoking history | ||||
| Current smoker | 39 (7.98) | 489 (99.80) | ||
| Previous smoker | 100 (20.45) | |||
| Never smoked | 350 (71.57) | |||
| Diabetes duration (years) | ||||
| ≤5 | 151 (31.20) | |||
| >5–10 | 95 (19.63) | |||
| >10–15 | 85 (17.56) | |||
| >15–20 | 74 (15.29) | |||
| >20 | 79 (16.32) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.9±3.9 | 484 (98.78) | ||
| Underweight: <18.5 | 1 (0.21) | |||
| Normal: ≥18.5–24.9 | 45 (9.30) | |||
| Overweight: ≥25.0–29.9 | 155 (32.02) | |||
| Obese: ≥30.0 | 283 (58.47) | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 131±2 | 490 (100) | ||
| ≤120 | 128 (26.12) | |||
| >120–139 | 240 (48.98) | |||
| ≥140–159 | 94 (19.18) | |||
| ≥160 | 28 (5.71) | |||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 76±2 | 490 (100) | ||
| ≤80 | 318 (64.90) | |||
| >80–89 | 117 (23.88) | |||
| ≥90–99 | 48 (9.80) | |||
| ≥100 | 7 (1.43) | |||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 461 (94.08) | |||
| Men: >90 | 107.7±14.5 | 199 (41.72) | ||
| Women: target ≥80 | 104.7±12.4 | 262 (54.93) | ||
| Laboratory variables | HbA1c (%, mmol/mol) | 7.75%±1.61% | 450 (91.8) | |
| Optimal: <7 (53 mmol/mol) | 148 (32.89) | |||
| Fair: 7–8 | 137 (30.44) | |||
| High: >8 (64 mmol/mol) | 165 (36.67) | |||
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 8.58±3.48 | 125 (25.5) | ||
| Optimal: <6.7 | 41 (32.80) | |||
| Fair: 6.7–7.8 | 21 (16.80) | |||
| High: >7.8 | 63 (50.40) | |||
| Random blood glucose (mmol/L) | 9.10±4.00 | 367 (74.9) | ||
| Optimal: <7.8 | 169 (46.05) | |||
| Fair: 7.8–11.1 | 116 (31.61) | |||
| High: >11.1 | 82 (22.34) | |||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.90±1.06 | 438 (89.4) | ||
| Optimal: <5.2 | 385 (87.90) | |||
| Fair: 5.2–6.2 | 35 (7.99) | |||
| High: >6.2 | 18 (4.11) | |||
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.52±0.78 | 437 (89.2) | ||
| Optimal: <1.7 | 312 (71.40) | |||
| Fair: 1.7–2.2 | 52 (11.90) | |||
| High: >2.2 | 73 (16.70) | |||
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.20±0.48 | 439 (89.6) | ||
| Men: optimal>1 Poor ≤1 | 104 (23.69) 90 (20.50) | |||
| Women: optimal >1.3 Poor ≤1.3 | 105 (23.92) 140 (31.89) | |||
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.01±0.90 | 439 (89.6) | ||
| Optimal: <2.6 | 344 (78.36) | |||
| Borderline high: 2.6–3.3 | 60 (13.67) | |||
| High: 3.4–4.1 | 23 (5.24) | |||
| Very high: >4.1 | 12 (2.73) | |||
| Microalbuminuria (mg) | 66.92±154.34 | 140 (28.6) | ||
| Optimal: <30 | 94 (67.14) | |||
| Microalbuminuria: 30–300 | 36 (25.71) | |||
| Macroalbuminuria: >300 | 10 (7.14) | |||
| Albumin/creatinine (mg/mmol) | 41.79±151.10 | 204 (41.6) | ||
| Optimal: <3 | 103 (50.49) | |||
| Borderline high: 3–30 | 71 (34.80) | |||
| High: >30 | 30 (14.71) | |||
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 92.63±84.43 | 466 (95.1) | ||
| Men: target 70–120 Non-target>120 | 166 (35.62) 41 (8.80) | |||
| Women: target 50–90 Non-target >90 | 203 (43.56) 56 (12.02) | |||
| Urea (mmol/L) | 6.54±5.36 | 440 (89.8) | ||
| Target: 2.5–7.1 | 334 (75.91) | |||
| Non-target: >7.1 | 106 (24.09) | |||
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 81.09±28.26 | 446 (95.1) | ||
| Optimal: ≥90 | 207 (46.41) | |||
| Kidney damage: 15–89 | 231 (51.79) | |||
| Kidney failure: <15 | 8 (1.79) | |||
| Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | 64.23±27.39 | 334 (68.2) | ||
| Optimal: >75 | 114 (34.13) | |||
| Insufficiency: 50–75 | 110 (32.93) | |||
| Deficiency: <50 | 110 (32.93) |
BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; N, number.