Table 2

Factors associated with adherence to USPSTF and ADA guidelines

Physician Characteristics	USPSTF			ADA
	Multivariable association
	Odds ratio (OR)	95% CI	p Value	OR	95% CI	p Value
Gender
Male	Ref			Ref
Female	0.93	0.54 to 1.58	0.7873	1.46	0.85 to 2.49	0.1678
Race/ethnicity
White	Ref			Ref
Asian	1.12	0.52 to 2.40	0.7774	1.92	0.90 to 4.11	0.0938
Black	0.45	0.13 to 1.59	0.2130	0.87	0.25 to 2.98	0.8214
Hispanic	0.94	0.24 to 3.68	0.9271	0.29	0.07 to 1.19	0.0863
Other	0.85	0.27 to 2.69	0.7829	1.81	0.51 to 6.47	0.3602
Age category (years)
25–34	Ref			Ref
35–44	0.25	0.09 to 0.68	0.0062*	1.26	0.52 to 3.05	0.6085
45–54	0.26	0.08 to 0.90	0.0334*	0.95	0.30 to 3.02	0.9265
55–64	0.38	0.09 to 1.68	0.2023	0.68	0.16 to 2.86	0.5989
≥65	0.34	0.04 to 2.94	0.3287	1.09	0.12 to 9.11	0.9389
Years in practice
3 to <10	Ref			Ref
10 to <15	1.11	0.51 to 2.41	0.7937	0.75	0.34 to 1.64	0.4698
15 to <20	0.86	0.34 to 2.15	0.7447	1.07	0.42 to 2.71	0.8879
≥20	0.72	0.24 to 2.21	0.5701	1.70	0.55 to 5.22	0.3576
Practice characteristics
Medical practice setting
Multispecialty or group practice	Ref			Ref
Single specialty	0.94	0.55 to 1.62	0.8296	0.98	0.57 to 1.69	0.9450
Other	0.60	0.15 to 2.41	0.4726	1.22	0.31 to 4.78	0.7764
Number of physicians in practice
≤25	Ref			Ref
26–99	0.97	0.52 to 1.79	0.9153	0.82	0.45 to 1.52	0.5363
≥100	0.90	0.48 to 1.69	0.7394	1.05	0.56 to 1.97	0.8891
Area of practice
Urban	Ref			Ref
Suburban	1.54	0.82 to 2.76	0.1462	1.33	0.74 to 2.39	0.3346
Rural	0.84	0.38 to 1.84	0.6574	1.61	0.73 to 3.52	0.2368
Region
East	Ref			Ref
Midwest	1.12	0.52 to 2.43	0.7651	0.95	0.44 to 2.06	0.9032
South	1.77	0.93 to 3.48	0.0974	1.00	0.51 to 1.96	0.9963
West	1.21	0.61 to 2.43	0.5821	1.41	0.70 to 2.84	0.3409
Main insurance type
Commercial	Ref			Ref
Medicaid	1.33	0.65 to 2.70	0.4384	1.88	0.90 to 3.91	0.0913
Medicare	0.54	0.28 to 1.05	0.0702	0.65	0.34 to 1.23	0.1856
Unknown	0.60	0.20 to 1.79	0.3615	1.45	0.48 to 4.40	0.5147
Number of patients seen monthly in current practice	1.00	1.00 to 1.00	0.5702	1.00	1.00 to 1.00	0.9473
Percent of patients with diabetes seen monthly	1.01	0.99 to 1.02	0.5823	1.03	1.00 to 1.04	0.0017*
Importance of patient's out-of-pocket cost
Not important	Ref			Ref
Slightly important	1.19	0.55 to 2.57	0.6533	1.27	0.59 to 2.70	0.5436
Somewhat important	1.11	0.53 to 2.31	0.7755	0.76	0.36 to 1.58	0.4585
Very important	2.31	1.01 to 5.27	0.0462*	0.78	0.34 to 1.76	0.5431
Extremely important	2.05	0.32 to 1.31	0.4465	0.86	0.16 to 4.62	0.8618

*Significant at p value <0.05. ADA, American Diabetes Association; USPSTF, US Preventive Services Task Force.