Clinical, anthropometric and PA measures at baseline, 6 and 12 months
| Clinical and metabolic characteristics | Baseline mean (±SD) | 6 months mean (±SD) | 12 months mean (±SD) | p Value at 12 months |
| HbA1c mmol/mol | 43.42 (1.28) | 40.27 (2.86)*** | 40.58 (3.41)*** | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 6.12 (0.37) | 5.86 (0.68)* | 5.92 (0.81)‡ | 0.267 |
| Weight (kg) | 96.3 (16.9) | 88.2 (16.3)*** | 86.3 (15.7)*** | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 35.5 (5.4) | 32.8 (5.4)*** | 32.2 (5.2)*** | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.29 (1.0) | 5.32 (1.2)† | 5.13 (1.0)‡ | 0.155 |
| Cholesterol/HDL ratio | 4.00 (1.09) | 3.97 (1.16)† | 3.83 (1.17)* | <0.05 |
| Female HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.43 (0.4) | 1.45 (0.3)† | 1.42 (0.4)‡ | 0.769 |
| Male HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.23 (0.4) | 1.27 (0.3)† | 1.4 (0.2)* | <0.05 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.14 (0.9) | 3.25 (1.0)† | 3.01 (0.9)‡ | 0.087 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.86 (1.0) | 1.65 (1.2)† | 1.52 (0.9)** | <0.01 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 135 (12) | 131 (13)† | 129 (11)** | <0.01 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 83 (8) | 78 (7)*** | 78 (9)** | <0.01 |
| WC females (CM) | 108 (12) | 99 (13)*** | 98 (12)*** | <0.001 |
| WC males (CM) | 115 (12) | 104 (12)*** | 102 (12)*** | <0.001 |
| PA min per person | 111 (143) | 127 (112)* | 113 (108)‡ | <0.05 |
The results are expressed as mean±SD.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
†No significant difference between time points from baseline to 6 months.
‡No significant difference between time points from baseline to 12 months.
BMI, body mass index; HbA1C, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PA, physical activity; WC, waist circumference.