Linear regression results of associations between HLQ scale scores and HbA1c. Unadjusted and adjusted models representing the estimated difference in HbA1c for a one unit change in HLQ score. Values shown in bold are statistically significant
| Domain | Adj. R2 | Regression coefficient | SE | (95 % CI) | p Value |
| 1. Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.000 | 0.00 | 0.49 | (−0.95 to 0.96) | 0.998 |
| Model 2 | 0.012 | 0.14 | 0.49 | (−0.82 to 1.11) | 0.769 |
| Model 3 | 0.035 | 0.27 | 0.49 | (−0.69 to 1.22) | 0.486 |
| 2. Having sufficient information to manage my health | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.012 | −2.56 | 0.61 | (−3.75 to −1.36) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 0.023 | −2.45 | 0.61 | (−3.64 to −1.25) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 0.041 | −2.07 | 0.61 | (−3.26 to −0.88) | <0.001 |
| 3. Actively managing my health | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.061 | −5.34 | 0.56 | (−6.45 to −4.25) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 0.073 | −5.34 | 0.56 | (−6.44 to −4.23) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 0.086 | −4.95 | 0.57 | (−6.06 to −3.84) | <0.001 |
| 4. Social support for health | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.003 | −1.28 | 0.51 | (−2.28 to −0.03) | 0.012 |
| Model 2 | 0.016 | −1.17 | 0.51 | (−2.16 to −0.18) | 0.021 |
| Model 3 | 0.038 | −1.05 | 0.50 | (−2.03 to −0.07) | 0.029 |
| 5. Appraisal of health information | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.008 | −1.99 | 0.56 | (−3.08 to −0.90) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 0.022 | −2.05 | 0.56 | (−3.14 to −0.96) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 0.040 | −1.51 | 0.56 | (−2.61 to −0.42) | 0.005 |
| 6: Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.013 | −2.16 | 0.49 | (−3.11 to −1.20) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 0.024 | −1.98 | 0.49 | (−2.94 to −1.24) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 0.043 | −1.67 | 0.49 | (−2.63 to −0.72) | <0.001 |
| 7. Navigating the healthcare system | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.011 | −1.90 | 0.48 | (−2.84 to −0.96) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 0.021 | −1.70 | 0.48 | (−2.65 to −0.76) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 0.039 | −1.27 | 0.49 | (−2.22 to −0.32) | 0.006 |
| 8. Ability to find good health information | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.013 | −2.17 | 0.50 | (−3.15 to −1.19) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 0.026 | −2.32 | 0.50 | (−3.31 to −1.34) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 0.041 | −1.71 | 0.51 | (−2.72 to −0.70) | <0.001 |
| 9. Understanding health information well enough to know what to do | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.021 | −2.86 | 0.52 | (−3.89 to −1.84) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 0.032 | −2.87 | 0.52 | (−3.90 to −1.85) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 0.045 | −2.19 | 0.54 | (−3.25 to −1.13) | <0.001 |
Model 3: adjusted for sex, age, diabetes duration, and educational attainment.
Model 2: adjusted for sex, age, and diabetes duration.
Model 1: unadjusted.
HLQ, Health Literacy Questionnaire.