Table 2

Physiologic responses to ST-EX and BI-EX (experimental days 2 and 3)

Type 2 diabetesIGTAll
(n=7)(n=7)(n=14)
ST-EX
 Average HR (bpm)120.3±4.6128.1±8.1124.2±7.5
 Average exercise intensity (%HRR)57.9±5.557.7±5.557.8±5.3
 Average steady-state HR (bpm) a124.4±3.9130.7±7.4127.6±6.6
 Average steady-state exercise intensity (%HRR) b62.5±5.260.1±5.061.3±5.0
 Steady-state HR fluctuation (bpm) c7.0±1.69.9±1.9**8.4±2.2**
 Blood lactate (mmol/L)d3.3±0.5*3.6±1.3*3.5±1.0*
 Stepping rate (steps/min)92.0±5.4†101.9±7.596.9±8.1
 Exercise duration (s)508±79465±30486±62
BI-EX
 Average HR (bpm)122.9±4.3127.0±11.3124.9±8.5
 Average exercise intensity (%HRR)60.7±4.956.6±9.058.6±7.3
 Average steady-state HR (bpm) a126.1±4.0130.1±10.5128.1±7.9
 Average steady-state exercise intensity (%HRR) b64.1±5.059.6±8.261.9±6.9
 Steady-state HR fluctuation (bpm) c5.6±1.05.3±1.15.4±1.0
 Blood lactate (mmol/L) d4.3±1.24.7±1.24.5±1.2
 Work rate (W)64.3±18.882.1±15.573.2±19.0
 Exercise duration (s)506±78472±34489±61
  • Values are expressed as mean±SD.

  • a,  b and c indicate the average HR, average %HRR and maximal HR minus minimal HR during the last 8 repetitions (~4 min) of ST-EX or during the last 4 min of BI-EX, respectively.

  • d  indicates the plasma lactate level at 1 min after the end of ST-EX or BI-EX.

  • * and ** indicate the presence of significant differences (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively) from BI-EX.

  • † indicates the presence of a significant difference (p<0.05) from IGT.

  • BI-EX, bicycle exercise; bpm, beats per minute; HR, heart rate; %HRR, percentage of age-predicted heart rate reserve; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; ST-EX, stair climbing–descending exercise.