Probability (percentage, 95% CI) of finding undiagnosed diabetes among the US population without diagnosed diabetes aged ≥18 years, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 1999–2014*
| 1999–2002 | 2003–2006 | 2007–2010 | 2011–2014 | P value † | |
| n=3974 | n=3778 | n=4562 | n=4330 | ||
| Crude estimates | |||||
| Total | 3.3 (2.8–4.0) | 3.2 (2.5–4.0) | 3.7 (3.1–4.3) | 3.2 (2.7–3.8) | 0.83 |
| Age group (years) | |||||
| 18–44 | 1.2 (0.6–2.1) | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | 0.91 |
| 45–64 | 5.0 (3.6–6.7) | 3.9 (2.6–5.7) | 4.4 (3.2–5.9) | 4.9 (3.8–6.3) | 0.60 |
| ≥65 | 7.8 (5.9–10.4) | 8.9 (6.5–12.2) | 10.9 (8.6–13.7) | 5.6 (3.9–7.9) | 0.04 |
| Age-standardized estimates ‡ | |||||
| Total | 3.4 (2.9–4.1) | 3.3 (2.6–4.1) | 3.7 (3.2–4.4) | 3.1 (2.6–3.8) | 0.52 |
| Sex | |||||
| Men | 4.2 (3.3–5.2) | 4.4 (3.3–5.8) | 5.0 (4.1–6.1) | 3.7 (2.8–5.0) | 0.39 |
| Women | 2.9 (2.2–3.7) | 2.2 (1.5–3.1) | 2.6 (2.0–3.4) | 2.6 (2.0–3.4) | 0.63 |
| Race/ethnicity§ | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 3.2 (2.6–3.9) | 2.9 (2.1–4.1) | 3.1 (2.5–3.7) | 2.2 (1.7–2.9) | 0.02 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 5.3 (3.9–7.3) | 4.6 (3.6–5.7) | 6.5 (5.1–8.3) | 5.5 (3.9–7.6) | 0.50 |
| Mexican-American | 3.7 (2.4–5.5) | 4.7 (3.5–6.3) | 7.0 (5.0–9.6) | 6.0 (4.0–8.9) | 0.01 |
| Education | |||||
| <High school | 5.5 (4.3–7.1) | 4.2 (3.0–6.0) | 4.5 (3.6–5.6) | 4.9 (3.6–6.7) | 0.96 |
| High school graduate | 3.2 (2.2–4.7) | 4.3 (3.0–6.1) | 5.3 (4.0–7.0) | 3.7 (2.9–4.9) | 0.69 |
| >High school | 2.6 (1.9–3.6) | 2.5 (1.7–3.5) | 2.7 (2.0–3.5) | 2.4 (1.8–3.3) | 0.92 |
| Poverty-income ratio tertile¶ | |||||
| Lowest | 4.7 (3.6–6.3) | 4.1 (3.2–5.3) | 4.0 (3.2–5.1) | 4.6 (3.7–5.8) | 0.83 |
| Middle | 3.3 (2.3–4.7) | 3.3 (2.1–5.2) | 3.9 (2.9–5.3) | 3.0 (2.2–4.3) | 0.69 |
| Highest | 2.4 (1.7–3.5) | 1.8 (0.9–3.4) | 3.2 (2.3–4.4) | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) | <0.05 |
*Two NHANES cycles were combined, yielding more precise, 4-year prevalence estimates.
†P values for trend were estimated from linear regression models by using variance weighted least squares with 2-year survey cycle as the independent variable.
‡Prevalence estimates were age-standardized to the 2000 US standard population by using age groups 18–44, 45–64, and ≥65 years.
§Prevalence estimates for participants who self-reported as other race/ethnicity were not presented because of small numbers, but their data are included in other estimates.
¶Data on poverty-income ratio were missing for 1292 participants.