Variable | Results reported per | Development data set | Validation data set | Full cohort | |
Admission | Index day | ||||
Insulin-treated patient-days, n | x | 90 059 | 38 598 | 128 657 | |
Patient admissions, n | x | 18 867 | 7399 | 26 266 | |
Unique patients, n | x | 13 360 | 5902 | 18 196 | |
Hypoglycemic outcome, n (%) | |||||
Any BG ≤70 mg/dL | x | 3935 (4.4) | 1517 (3.9) | 5452 (4.2) | |
Any BG <54 mg/dL | x | 1081 (1.2) | 415 (1.1) | 1496 (1.2) | |
Nadir BG, mg/dL | x | 61 (52–66) | 61 (53–66) | 61 (52–66) | |
LOS, days | x | 6 (3–10) | 6 (4–11) | 6 (3–11) | |
Admitting service, n (%) | x | ||||
Medicine | x | 9115 (48.3) | 3324 (44.9) | 12 439 (47.4) | |
Surgery | x | 9752 (51.7) | 4075 (55.1) | 13 827 (52.6) | |
Age, years | x | 61.1 (51.3–70.2) | 61.5 (52.2–69.8) | 61.2 (51.6–70.1) | |
Sex, male/female (%) | x | 52.5/47.5 | 54.1/45.9 | 52.9/47.1 | |
Race, n (%) | x | ||||
White | x | 10 125 (53.7) | 3997 (54.0) | 14 122 (53.8) | |
Black | x | 6923 (36.7) | 2589 (35.0) | 9512 (36.2) | |
Asian | x | 428 (2.3) | 224 (3.0) | 652 (2.5) | |
Other | x | 1391 (7.4) | 589 (8.0) | 1980 (7.5) | |
Admission weight, kg | x | 81.6 (67.8–98.1) | 82.2 (68.2–98.0) | 81.7 (68.0–98.1) | |
Insulin doses, unit/kg/day | |||||
Total daily dose | x | 0.10 (0.03–0.32) | 0.11 (0.03–0.32) | 0.10 (0.03–0.32) | |
Basal | x | 0.00 (0.00–0.15) | 0.00 (0.00–0.16) | 0.00 (0.00–0.16) | |
Nutritional | x | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | |
Correctional | x | 0.05 (0.02–0.11) | 0.05 (0.02–0.11) | 0.05 (0.02–0.11) | |
High-dose SSI, n (%) | x | 53 488 (59.4) | 23 406 (60.6) | 76 894 (59.8) | |
Diet orders, n (%) | x | ||||
Nil per os | x | 20 362 (22.6) | 8765 (22.7) | 29 127 (22.6) | |
Carbohydrate-controlled | x | 8832 (9.8) | 3450 (8.9) | 12 282 (9.6) | |
Regular or other diet | x | 58 198 (64.6) | 25 034 (64.9) | 82 232 (64.7) | |
Bolus tube feeds | x | 2667 (3.0) | 1349 (3.5) | 4016 (3.1) | |
Steroid use, n (%) | x | 39 451 (43.7) | 17 809 (46.0) | 57 260 (44.4) | |
Type 1 diabetes/pancreatectomy, n (%) | x | 900 (4.8) | 217 (2.9) | 1117 (4.3) | |
Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | x | 11 357 (60.2) | 3434 (46.4) | 14 791 (56.3) | |
Acute kidney injury, n (%) | x | 191 (1.0) | 41 (0.6) | 232 (0.9) | |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | x | ||||
Stage 3 | x | 3502 (18.6) | 421 (5.7) | 3921 (14.9) | |
Stage 4 | x | 1287 (6.8) | 149 (2.0) | 1450 (5.5) | |
Stage 5 | x | 919 (4.9) | 89 (1.2) | 1016 (3.9) | |
Liver failure, n (%) | x | 153 (0.8) | 58 (0.8) | 211 (0.8) | |
Congestive heart failure, n (%) | x | 431 (2.3) | 93 (1.3) | 524 (2.0) | |
Digestive disease, n (%) | x | 935 (5.0) | 294 (4.0) | 1229 (4.7) | |
Pancreatic disease, n (%) | x | 468 (2.5) | 144 (2.0) | 612 (2.3) | |
Index day glycemic measures | |||||
Nadir BG, mg/dL | x | 121 (100–147) | 122 (101–148) | 121 (100–147) | |
Mean BG, mg/dL | x | 158 (134–194) | 160 (136–197) | 158 (135–195) | |
CV of BG, % | x | 19.2 (12.8–27.8) | 18.9 (12.8–27.1) | 19.1 (12.8–27.6) | |
Number of BG measurements | x | 5 (4–7) | 6 (5–7) | 5 (5–7) | |
Admission glycemic measures* | |||||
Nadir BG, mg/dL | x | 91 (73–115) | 91 (73–113) | 91 (73–114) | |
Mean BG, mg/dL | x | 161 (139–194) | 163 (141–196) | 162 (139–195) | |
CV of BG, % | x | 24.8 (19.0–32.5) | 25.2 (19.3–32.2) | 25.0 (19.1–32.4) |
*Summarized for all patient-days prior to and including index day. Data are median (interquartile range) and n (%).
BG, blood glucose; CV, coefficient of variation; LOS, length of stay; SSI, sliding scale insulin.