Logistic regression models with ORs and coefficients from validation data sets
| Unit of change | Spline knot | Model 1: BG≤70 mg/dL | Model 2: BG<54 mg/dL | |||
| OR (95% CI) | Coefficient | OR (95% CI) | Coefficient | |||
| Intercept | 2.140 | 0.580 | ||||
| Age | 10 years | |||||
| Age1 | ≤40 | 1.07 (0.96 to 1.20) | 0.066 | – | – | |
| Age2 | >40 | 0.96 (0.92 to 0.99) | −0.045 | – | – | |
| Female | – | – | – | – | 0.76 (0.66 to 0.86) | −0.280 |
| Weight | 10 kg | |||||
| Weight1 | ≤80 | 0.87 (0.84 to 0.91) | −0.136 | 0.85 (0.80 to 0.91) | −0.160 | |
| Weight2 | >80 | 0.92 (0.90 to 0.95) | −0.079 | 0.86 (0.81 to 0.91) | −0.151 | |
| Admission to surgical service | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.98) | −0.091 | – | – | ||
| Basal insulin dose | 0.1 units/kg | |||||
| Basal1 | ≤0.2 | 1.85 (1.75 to 1.97) | 0.617 | 2.01 (1.79 to 2.25) | 0.697 | |
| Basal2 | ≤0.8 | 1.14 (1.10 to 1.17) | 0.130 | 1.15 (1.09 to 1.21) | 0.141 | |
| Basal3 | ≤1.3 | 0.95 (0.85 to 1.06) | −0.050 | 0.95 (0.80 to 1.14) | −0.046 | |
| Basal4 | ≤1.6 | 1.29 (0.92 to 1.78) | 0.249 | 1.84 (1.15 to 2.95) | 0.609 | |
| Basal5 | >1.6 | 0.95 (0.71 to 1.28) | 0.755 | 0.29 (0.07 to 1.28) | −1.238 | |
| Nutritional insulin dose | 0.1 units/kg | |||||
| Nutritional1 | ≤0.6 | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.08) | 0.048 | 1.05 (1.00 to 1.10) | 0.049 | |
| Nutritional2 | ≤0.9 | 1.05 (0.90 to 1.23) | 0.048 | 1.04 (0.80 to 1.33) | 0.035 | |
| Nutritional3 | ≤1.1 | 0.59 (0.36 to 0.94) | −0.534 | 0.51 (0.22 to 1.17) | −0.674 | |
| Nutritional4 | >1.1 | 1.07 (0.86 to 1.35) | 0.071 | 1.19 (0.86 to 1.65) | 0.176 | |
| Correctional insulin dose | 0.1 units/kg | |||||
| Correctional1 | ≤0.04 | 0.69 (0.49 to 0.97) | −0.365 | – | – | |
| Correctional2 | ≤0.7 | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.10) | 0.041 | – | – | |
| Correctional3 | ≤0.9 | 0.71 (0.39 to 1.30) | −0.336 | – | – | |
| Correctional4 | >0.9 | 1.17 (0.79 to 1.72) | 0.159 | – | – | |
| High-dose SSI | 1.14 (1.03 to 1.27) | 0.135 | 1.18 (0.97 to 1.45) | 0.169 | ||
| Index day mean BG | 10 mg/dL | |||||
| Mean1 | ≤100 | 0.73 (0.64 to 0.83) | −0.312 | 0.80 (0.66 to 0.97) | −0.220 | |
| Mean2 | ≤150 | 0.86 (0.83 to 0.89) | −0.155 | 0.89 (0.84 to 0.94) | −0.122 | |
| Mean3 | >150 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | −0.011 | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.05) | 0.030 | |
| Index day nadir BG | 10 mg/dL | |||||
| Nadir1 | ≤88 | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.03) | −0.011 | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.97) | −0.099 | |
| Nadir2 | ≤100 | 0.64 (0.58 to 0.71) | −0.440 | 0.80 (0.66 to 0.96) | −0.228 | |
| Nadir3 | >100 | 0.93 (0.91 to 0.95) | −0.070 | 0.93 (0.89 to 0.96) | −0.076 | |
| Index day CV of BG | 10% | |||||
| CV1 | ≤10 | 0.93 (0.61 to 1.42) | −0.077 | 1.04 (0.44 to 2.47) | 0.035 | |
| CV2 | ≤20 | 1.72 (1.46 to 2.02) | 0.541 | 1.51 (1.10 to 2.09) | 0.417 | |
| CV3 | >20 | 1.01 (0.96 to 1.05) | 0.006 | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.10) | 0.017 | |
| Admission nadir BG | 10 mg/dL | |||||
| Admission nadir1 | ≤100 | 0.87 (0.86 to 0.89) | −0.134 | 0.86 (0.83 to 0.90) | −0.147 | |
| Admission nadir2 | ≤400 | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.05) | 0.029 | 1.04 (1.00 to 1.07) | 0.035 | |
| Admission nadir3 | >400 | 0.84 (0.58 to 1.19) | −0.180 | 0.88 (0.63 to 1.24) | −0.122 | |
| Admission CV of BG | 10% | |||||
| Admission cv1 | ≤18 | 0.78 (0.63 to 0.96) | −0.249 | 0.73 (0.49 to 1.09) | −0.311 | |
| Admission cv2 | >18 | 1.19 (1.14 to 1.24) | 0.171 | 1.17 (1.10 to 1.25) | 0.159 | |
| Diet orders | ||||||
| NPO | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – | ||
| Carbohydrate-controlled | 0.80 (0.71 to 0.92) | −0.218 | 0.67 (0.53 to 0.84) | −0.406 | ||
| Regular or other | 0.79 (0.72 to 0.86) | −0.235 | 0.69 (0.59 to 0.81) | −0.373 | ||
| Bolus tube feeds | 0.68 (0.54 to 0.86) | −0.382 | 0.76 (0.51 to 1.15) | −0.268 | ||
| Type 1 diabetes/pancreatectomy | 1.43 (1.28 to 1.59) | 0.357 | 2.04 (1.73 to 2.39) | 0.712 | ||
| Type 2 diabetes | 1.25 (1.13 to 1.38) | 0.224 | 1.29 (1.07 to 1.55) | 0.253 | ||
| AKI | 1.27 (0.99 to 1.63) | 0.238 | – | – | ||
| CKD | ||||||
| None | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – | ||
| Stage 3 | 1.25 (1.15 to 1.37) | 0.224 | 1.37 (1.16 to 1.61) | 0.314 | ||
| Stage 4 | 1.52 (1.37 to 1.69) | 0.418 | 1.80 (1.49 to 2.17) | 0.588 | ||
| Stage 5 | 1.76 (1.56 to 1.99) | 0.565 | 2.21 (1.80 to 2.73) | 0.795 | ||
| Liver disease | 0.70 (0.48 to 1.01) | −0.363 | – | – | ||
| Digestive disease | 1.20 (1.04 to 1.39) | 0.184 | – | – | ||
| Steroids on index day | – | – | 0.84 (0.74 to 0.96) | −0.170 | ||
Bolded values signify P<0.05.
AKI, acute kidney; BG, blood glucose; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CV, coefficient of variation; NPO, nil per os; ref, reference; SSI, sliding scale insulin.