Characteristics of the study population
| Groups | ||||
| NO/MILD | MOD/SEV | Edentulous | Total | |
| Number of patients | 96 | 74 | 141 | 311 |
| Age, years (mean±SD) | 57.0±9.9 | 57.7±9.5 | 68.5±9.1* | 62.4±10.9 |
| Age, years, n (%) | ||||
| 40–55 | 44 (45.8) | 29 (39.2) | 11 (7.8) | 84 (27.0) |
| 56–70 | 43 (44.8) | 38 (51.4) | 68 (48.2) | 149 (47.9) |
| >70 | 9 (9.4) | 7 (9.5) | 62 (44.0)* | 78 (25.1) |
| Female gender, n (%) | 66 (68.7) | 50 (67.5) | 122 (86.5)* | 238 (76.5) |
| FBG (mg/dL), mean±SD | 123.1±36.8 | 136.6±33.8** | 155.7±70.9* | 141.1±56.2 |
| 95% CI | 115.7 to 130.6 | 128.8 to 144.5 | 143.9 to 167.5 | 134.8 to 147.4 |
| Antidiabetic drugs taken, n (%) | ||||
| Glibenclamide | 64 (66.7) | 52 (70.3) | 97 (68.8) | 213 (68.5) |
| Metformin | 55 (57.3) | 37 (50.0) | 78 (55.3) | 170 (54.7) |
| Insulin | 23 (23.9) | 16 (21.7) | 33 (23.4) | 72 (23.2) |
| Number of antidiabetic drugs taken, n (%) | ||||
| 1 | 53 (55.2) | 45 (60.8) | 77 (54.6) | 175 (56.3) |
| 2 | 40 (41.7) | 27 (36.5) | 61 (43.3) | 128 (41.1) |
| 3 | 3 (3.1) | 2 (2.7) | 3 (2.1) | 8 (2.6) |
| Tooth count (mean±SD) | 14.4±6.4 | 14.1±5.8 | – | NE |
| PD (mm), mean±SD | 1.9±0.4 | 2.8±0.7*** | ND | NE |
| Proportion of sites/mouth PD≥5 mm (%), mean±SE | 0.4±0.1 | 11.5±1.4*** | ND | NE |
| PI (%), mean±SD | 60.1±23.1 | 76.1±17.7*** | ND | NE |
| GBI (%), mean±SD | 77.7±18.9 | 88.9±12.6*** | ND | NE |
↵*P<0.001, different from MOD/SEV and NO/MILD; **P=0.01, different from NO/MILD; ***P<0.001, different from NO/MILD.
FBG, fasting blood glucose; GBI, gingival bleeding index; MOD/SEV, moderate or severe periodontitis; ND, no data; NE, not estimated; NO/MILD, no or mild periodontitis; PD, probing depth; PI, plaque index.