Table 2

Summary of non-clinical variables by self-reported duration of diabetes (≥5 years vs <5 years)

Variable	Category	Patients (N)	Duration of diabetes		P values (Fisher’s exact)
			≥5 years	<5 years
			(n=46)	(n=154)
Gender	Male	116	22 (47.8%)	94 (61.0%)	0.13
Gender	Female	84	24 (52.2%)	60 (39.0%)	0.13
Is your diabetes controlled?	Yes/maybe	128	18 (39.1%)	110 (71.4%)	<0.001*
Is your diabetes controlled?	No	72	28 (60.9%)	44 (28.6%)	<0.001*
Do you exercise regularly?	Yes	54	2 (3.70%)	52 (33.8%)	0.001*
Do you exercise regularly?	No	146	44 (95.7%)	102 (66.2%)	0.001*
How often in the last year did you have to go to the hospital as your blood sugar was not controlled?	0 times	115	4 (8.7%)	111 (72.1%)	<0.001*
	1 to ≥10 times	85	42 (91.3%)	43 (27.9%)	<0.001*
Do you take alcohol?	No	143	42 (91.3%)	101 (65.6%)	<0.001*
Do you take alcohol?	Yes	57	4 (8.7%)	53 (34.4%)	<0.001*
Do you smoke?	No	158	44 (95.7%)	114 (74.0%)	0.001*
Do you smoke?	Yes	42	2 (4.3%)	40 (26.0%)	0.001*
How often do you check your blood sugar?	Once within a day to 1 month	38	9 (19.6%)	29 (18.8%)	0.91
How often do you check your blood sugar?	Once within a month to 1 year	162	37 (80.4%)	125 (81.2%)	0.91
How often in the last year you forgot to take your tablet/insulin?	<5 times	152	19 (41.3%)	133 (86.4%)	<0.001*
	≥5 times	48	27 (58.7%)	21 (13.6%)	<0.001*