Comparison of BMI, smoking, and percentage of HbA1c on target, BP on target, lipid on target, and prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications between the two cohorts in patients with type 2 diabetes stratified by age and sex. Changes of rates of achieving the targets and prevalence from cohort 1 to cohort 2 were given in parentheses
| Age | Male | P values | Female | P values | ||
| Cohort 1 | Cohort 2 | Cohort 1 | Cohort 2 | |||
| N | ||||||
| <54 years | 591 | 768 | 236 | 235 | ||
| 54–59 years | 586 | 509 | 334 | 215 | ||
| 60–64 years | 526 | 693 | 290 | 333 | ||
| ≥65 years - | 428 | 734 | 328 | 445 | ||
| BMI kg/m2 | ||||||
| <54 years | 25.9±4.1 | 27.2±4.6 | <0.001 | 26.0±4.5 | 27.0±5.8 | <0.05 |
| 54–59 years | 24.5±3.1 | 25.7±3.9 | <0.001 | 24.6±4.1 | 25.7±4.9 | <0.01 |
| 60–64 years | 23.8±2.8 | 24.7±3.4 | <0.001 | 24.5±4.2 | 24.7±4.3 | NS |
| ≥65 years - | 24.2±3.2 | 24.2±3.0 | NS | 24.9±4.1 | 24.3±4.1 | NS |
| Smoking Never/past/current (%) | ||||||
| <54 years | 25.5/22.3/52.1 | 31.5/28.9/39.6 | <0.001 | 77.1/6.8/16.1 | 64.8/14.6/20.6 | <0.01 |
| 54–59 years | 25.6/25.6/48.7 | 19.6/45.7/34.8 | <0.001 | 83.2/6.6/10.2 | 73.4/14.0/12.6 | <0.01 |
| 60–64 years | 28.5/33.7/37.8 | 24.6/46.7/28.7 | <0.001 | 84.8/6.9/8.3 | 78.8/12.7/8.5 | NS |
| ≥65 years - | 33.9/35.0/31.1 | 24.5/51.8/23.7 | <0.001 | 87.5/7.9/4.6 | 85.1/9.8/5.0 | NS |
| HbA1c on target (%) | ||||||
| <54 years | 30.3 | 50.5 (+20.2) | <0.001 | 30.1 | 49.4 (+19.3) | <0.001 |
| 54–59 years | 33.8 | 58.7 (+24.9) | <0.001 | 29.9 | 58.6 (+28.7) | <0.001 |
| 60–64 years | 40.5 | 60.2 (+19.7) | <0.001 | 28.6 | 51.1 (+22.5) | <0.001 |
| ≥65 years - | 39.7 | 62.9 (+23.2) | <0.001 | 30.8 | 60.1 (+29.3) | <0.001 |
| BP on target (%) | ||||||
| <54 years | 40.9 | 38.9 (–2.0) | NS | 57.2 | 54.0 (-3.2) | NS |
| 54–59 years | 43.3 | 41.1 (–2.2) | NS | 41.6 | 51.2 (+9.6) | <0.05 |
| 60–64 years | 40.3 | 47.3 (+7.0) | <0.05 | 42.4 | 51.7 (+9.3) | <0.05 |
| ≥65 years - | 38.8 | 45.0 (+6.2) | <0.05 | 39.3 | 54.6 (+15.3) | <0.001 |
| Lipid on target (%) | ||||||
| <54 years | 32.7 | 41.8 (+9.1) | <0.01 | 44 | 48.7 (+4.7) | NS |
| 54–59 years | 45.1 | 58.4 (+13.3) | <0.001 | 38.2 | 55.4 (+17.2) | <0.001 |
| 60–64 years | 49.8 | 58.1 (+8.3) | <0.01 | 39.2 | 57.8 (+18.6) | <0.001 |
| ≥65 years - | 45.5 | 58.9 (+13.4) | <0.001 | 46.0 | 58.8 (+12.8) | <0.01 |
| Nephropathy (%) | ||||||
| <54 years | 30.6 | 23.2 (–7.4) | <0.01 | 33.2 | 19.2 (–14.0) | <0.01 |
| 54–59 years | 32.8 | 25.0 (–7.8) | <0.01 | 26.3 | 18.6 (–7.7) | <0.05 |
| 60–64 years | 35.4 | 25.6 (–9.8) | <0.001 | 28.6 | 16.2 (–12.4) | <0.001 |
| ≥65 years - | 35.7 | 24.3 (–11.4) | <0.001 | 36.9 | 17.1 (–19.8) | <0.001 |
| Retinopathy (%) | ||||||
| <54 years | 25.9 | 18.8 (–7.1) | <0.01 | 30.6 | 23.3 (–7.3) | NS |
| 54–59 years | 29.2 | 20.9 (–8.3) | <0.01 | 34.2 | 26.9 (–7.3) | NS |
| 60–64 years | 33.7 | 23.9 (–9.8) | <0.001 | 33.7 | 29.1 (–4.6) | NS |
| ≥65 years - | 32.1 | 24.6 (–7.5) | <0.01 | 33.5 | 26.8 (–6.7) | <0.05 |
| Neuropathy (%) | ||||||
| <54 years | 16.0 | 8.4 (–7.6) | <0.001 | 19.6 | 12.5 (–7.1) | <0.05 |
| 54–59 years | 20.4 | 14.0 (–6.4) | <0.01 | 21.8 | 15.3 (–6.5) | NS |
| 60–64 years | 25.5 | 16.4 (–9.1) | <0.001 | 30.2 | 18.4 (–11.8) | <0.01 |
| ≥65 years - | 27.0 | 21.3 (–5.7) | <0.05 | 26.8 | 24.4 (–2.4) | NS |
| CAD (%) | ||||||
| <54 years | 2.2 | 2.8 (+0.6) | NS | 3.0 | 0.4 (–2.6) | <0.05 |
| 54–59 years | 4.8 | 5.8 (+1.0) | NS | 3.0 | 2.0 (–1.0) | NS |
| 60–64 years | 6.5 | 7.0 (+0.5) | NS | 2.4 | 2.7 (+0.3) | NS |
| ≥65 years - | 11.9 | 8.5 (-3.4) | NS | 7.6 | 4.9 (–2.7) | NS |
| Stroke (%) | ||||||
| <54 years | 2.2 | 0.8 (–1.4) | <0.05 | 0.9 | 1.3 (+0.4) | NS |
| 54–59 years | 3.8 | 2.2 (–1.6) | NS | 3.0 | 2.3 (–0.7) | NS |
| 60–64 years | 6.9 | 3.6 (–3.3) | <0.05 | 4.6 | 2.1 (–2.5) | NS |
| ≥65 years - | 10.8 | 6.1 (–4.7) | <0.01 | 6.8 | 2.9 (–3.9) | <0.05 |
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1C; NS, not significant.