Descriptive statistics for the clinical characteristics of male subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus stratified by groups
| Group 0(n=53) | Group 1(n=41) | Group 2(n=43) | Group 3(n=39) | P values | |
| Age, years | 64.1±8.8 | 67.3±7.0 | 68.5±8.0 | 70.0±6.4 | 0.003 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 8.4±9.4 | 10.5±8.2 | 17.9±11.2 | 15.2±9.2 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.3±4.0 | 28.1±3.9 | 28.9±4.6 | 27.8±2.9 | 0.559 |
| Pulse pressure, mm Hg | 57.5±12.5 | 64.7±16.5 | 65.3±12.0 | 65.3±14.3 | 0.011 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 52.7±8.7 | 53.6±9.2 | 57.0±17.0 | 57.8±11.5 | 0.118 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.5±1.0 | 4.2±0.9 | 4.3±1.0 | 4.4±1.0 | 0.494 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.7±0.9 | 2.3±0.8 | 2.4±0.8 | 2.5±0.8 | 0.083 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.19±0.29 | 1.19±0.30 | 1.18±0.29 | 1.24±0.28 | 0.775 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.7±0.7 | 1.5±0.8 | 1.6±0.7 | 1.6±0.7 | 0.838 |
| eGFRCKD-EPI, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 84.6±14.5 | 86.2±11.0 | 75.6±22.1 | 80.7±13.7 | 0.009 |
| Hypertension | 86.8% | 82.9% | 97.7% | 89.7% | 0.157 |
| Retinopathy, of any degree | 15.1% | 4.9% | 25.6% | 15.4% | 0.074 |
| Nephropathy | 24.5% | 31.7% | 34.9% | 28.2% | 0.716 |
| Current smoker | 45.3% | 31.7% | 25.6% | 33.3% | 0.288 |
| Insulin therapy | 39.6% | 24.4% | 34.9% | 46.2% | 0.218 |
| Antihypertensive therapy | 62.5% | 61.0% | 86.0% | 82.1% | 0.011 |
Values are means±SD, percentages or medians (IQR). Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or use of any antihypertensive drugs. Nephropathy was defined as the presence of eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or abnormal albuminuria. Group 0: LVEDV/BSA <56 mL/m2 and averaged E/e′ ≤8; group 1: LVEDV/BSA ≥56 mL/m2 and averaged E/e′ ≤8; group 2: LVEDV/BSA ≥56 mL/m2 and averaged E/e′ >8; group 3: LVEDV/BSA <56 mL/m2 and averaged E/e′ >8.
BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; eGFRCKD-EPI, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume.