Normal weight with metabolic syndrome (n=22) | Overweight with metabolic syndrome (n=144) | Obese with metabolic syndrome (n=233) | ||||||||||
Minimally sdjusted beta (SE) | P values | Adjusted beta | P values | Minimally adjusted beta (SE) | P values | Adjusted beta (SE) | P values | Minimally adjusted beta (SE) | P values | Adjusted beta (SE) | P values | |
LV mass index, g/m2 | −0.9 (0.997) | 0.36 | −4.7 (1.1) | <0.0001 | 1.0 (0.7) | 0.14 | −1.4 (0.7) | 0.0596 | 2.4 (2.1) | 0.24 | 2.3 (1.8) | 0.20 |
LV end-diastolic volume, mL | −0.1 (0.6) | 0.92 | −2.0 (0.9) | 0.04 | −3.0 (0.7) | <0.0001 | −2.6 (0.7) | 0.0003 | −1.0 (3.7) | 0.79 | −1.9 (2.8) | 0.51 |
LV end-systolic volume, mL | 2.7 (0.4) | <0.0001 | 1.8 (0.6) | 0.002 | −1.5 (0.3) | <0.0001 | −1.6 (0.3) | <0.0001 | −0.4 (1.7) | 0.82 | −0.6 (1.3) | 0.64 |
LV ejection fraction, % | −2.9 (0.4) | <0.0001 | −3.1 (0.4) | <0.0001 | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.11 | 0.5 (0.2) | 0.01 | 0.2 (0.6) | 0.74 | 0.05 (0.5) | 0.92 |
LV stroke volume, mL | −2.2 (0.8) | 0.008 | −5.0 (0.9) | <0.0001 | −4.7 (1.1) | <0.0001 | −4.0 (1.2) | 0.0007 | −2.1 (2.2) | 0.36 | −2.6 (1.9) | 0.17 |
LV longitudinal strain (two chamber), % | 2.5 (0.2) | <0.0001 | 2.2 (0.2) | <0.0001 | 0.6 (0.1) | <0.0001 | 0.6 (0.1) | <0.0001 | 0.9 (0.7) | 0.22 | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.26 |
LV longitudinal strain (four chamber), % | 2.4 (0.2) | <0.0001 | 1.9 (0.2) | <0.0001 | −0.6 (0.1) | <0.0001 | −0.9 (0.1) | <0.0001 | −0.6 (0.5) | 0.19 | −0.7 (0.4) | 0.08 |
LV longitudinal strain (average), % | 2.4 (0.2) | <0.0001 | 2.0 (0.2) | <0.0001 | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.0001 | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.03 | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.66 | −0.07 (0.3) | 0.83 |
Reference is normal weight (n=208), overweight (n=392) and obese individuals (n=261) without metabolic syndrome for each respective column.
E/A, mitral inflow E velocity and A velocity ratio; E/E', mitral valve E velocity and E' velocity ratio; Echo-SOL, Echocardiographic Study of Latinos; LV, left ventricle.