Changes in patient-reported outcomes over time*
| Baseline | 3 months | P values change from baseline to 3 months | 6 months | P values change from baseline to 6 months | |
| WHO-5 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 61.94 (19.52) | 62.59 (22.01) | 0.429 | 63.83 (19.67) | 0.135 |
| HFS-W | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 11 (3–20) | 7 (2–16) | 0.086 | 8 (2–18) | 0.024 |
| PAID-SF | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 20 (10–35) | 15 (5–30) | 0.286 | 15 (5–30) | 0.039 |
| DMSRQ | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 32.96 (9.02) | 36.62 (7.89) | <0.001 | 36.70 (8.85) | <0.001 |
| PSQI item 1 (hours sleep per night) | 6.75 (1.49) | 6.67 (1.39) | 0.318 | 6.66 (1.39) | 0.292 |
| PSQI item 2 (trouble sleeping) | |||||
| Not at all | 65 (41.90%) | 46 (31.30%) | 0.139 | 59 (41.80%) | 0.382 |
| Less than once a week | 28 (18.10%) | 39 (26.50%) | 35 (24.80%) | ||
| Once or twice a week | 29 (18.70%) | 32 (21.80%) | 23 (16.30%) | ||
| Three times or more a week | 33 (21.30%) | 30 (20.40%) | 24 (17%) | ||
| PSQI item 3 (global sleep quality) | |||||
| Very good | 35 (22.30%) | 36 (24.50%) | 0.202 | 39 (27.50%) | 0.091 |
| Fairly good | 90 (57.30%) | 86 (58.50%) | 78 (54.90%) | ||
| Pretty bad | 24 (15.30%) | 20 (13.60%) | 21 (14.80%) | ||
| Very bad | 8 (4.90%) | 5 (3.40%) | 4 (2.80%) | ||
| SDSCA | |||||
| 6 days or less | 28 (18.70%) | 20 (13.50%) | 0.224 | 22 (15.60%) | 0.531 |
| 7 days | 122 (81.30%) | 128 (86.50%) | 119 (84.40%) | ||
*Scores based on the original (non-imputed) data. P values based on imputed data for WHO-5, HFS-W, PAID-SF, and DMSRQ. For dichotomous or categorical variables, the absolute numbers by subgroups and the valid percentages relative to the study population without missing values for the regarding variables are displayed. For normally distributed variables, the mean and SD are shown. For skewed variables (PAID-SF and HFS-W), the median and the 25th and 75th percentiles are shown.
DMSRQ, Diabetes Medication System Rating Questionnaire; HFS-W, worry subscale of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey; PAID-SF, short form of the Dutch version of the Problem Areas In Diabetes Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SDSCA, Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities; WHO-5, WHO-5 Well-Being Index.