Baseline characteristics | All cases (n=21) | New-onset insulin-dependent diabetes (n=12) | Worsening of type 2 diabetes (n=9) |
N (%) or median (IQR) | |||
Age at ICI initiation (years) | 61.3 (54.5–70) | 67.9 (60.2–71.2) | 57.4 (51–62.9) |
Male | 12 (57.1) | 6 (50) | 6 (66.7) |
Race | |||
White | 20 (95.2) | 12 (100) | 8 (88.9) |
Black | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (11.1) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) at ICI initiation | 31.5 (25–36.7) | 32.2 (24.9–37.7) | 27.5 (24.9–35.6) |
Personal history of autoimmunity | 3 (14.3) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (11.1) |
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | 3 (14.3) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (11.1) |
Family history of autoimmunity (n=15) | 5 (23.8) | 4/11 (33.3) | 1/4 (11.1) |
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | 1 (4.8) | 1 (8.3) | – |
Celiac disease | 1 (4.8) | 1 (8.3) | – |
Ulcerative colitis | 1 (4.8) | 1 (8.3) | – |
Psoriasis | 1 (4.8) | – | 1 (11.1) |
Type 1 diabetes | 1 (4.8) | 1 (8.3) | – |
Malignancy | |||
Lung cancer | 5 (25) | 2 (16.7) | 3 (33.3) |
Melanoma | 9 (45) | 7 (58.3) | 2 (22.2) |
Breast cancer | 2 (10) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (11.1) |
Renal cell cancer | 1 (5) | 1 (8.3) | – |
Multiple myeloma | 1 (5) | 1 (8.3) | – |
Lymphoma | 1 (5) | – | 1 (11.1) |
Merkel cell cancer | 1 (5) | 1 (8.3) | – |
Esophageal cancer | 1 (5) | – | 1 (11.1) |
Pancreatic cancer | 1 (5) | – | 1 (11.1) |
RPG (mg/dL) at ICI initiation | 116 (98–154) | 115 (84–140) | 158 (107–254) |
FPG (mg/dL) at ICI initiation | 108 (99–132) | 102 (93–108) | 132 (114–153) |
HbA1c (%) at ICI initiation | 8 (6.8–8.6) | – | 8 (6.8–8.6) |
ICI therapy | |||
Pembrolizumab | 17 (81) | 11 (91.7) | 6 (66.7) |
Nivolumab | 4 (19) | 1 (8.3) | 3 (33.3) |
Other ICI used | 2 (9.5) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (11.1) |
Ipilimumab | 2 (9.5) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (11.1) |
Glucocorticoid use | 7 (35) | 4 (33.3) | 3 (33.3) |
FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; RPG, random plasma glucose.