Total energy expenditure, basal metabolic rate, and physical activity level in the non-DM group and three DM subgroups
| Non-DM (n=15) | DM-Insulin (n=18) | DM-OAD (n=20) | DM-Diet (n=14) | P value | |
| Total energy expenditure (kcal/day) | |||||
| Unadjusted | 2168 (1969 to 2368) | 2113 (1931 to 2295) | 2215 (2042 to 2387) | 2137 (1931 to 2343) | 0.868 |
| Model 1 (adjusted for sex and age) | 2185 (2032 to 2338) | 2108 (1971 to 2245) | 2200 (2070 to 2329) | 2147 (1988 to 2305) | 0.794 |
| Model 2 (model 1+ fat-free mass) | 2220 (2086 to 2355) | 2111 (1992 to 2231) | 2164 (2050 to 2279) | 2155 (2017 to 2294) | 0.701 |
| Model 3 (model 2 + fat mass) | 2224 (2088 to 2360) | 2099 (1971 to 2227) | 2175 (2054 to 2297) | 2152 (2012 to 2292) | 0.636 |
| Model 4 (model 3 + METs) | 2223 (2086 to 2361) | 2098 (1968 to 2228) | 2177 (2045 to 2309) | 2151 (2005 to 2297) | 0.642 |
| Basal metabolic rate (kcal/day) | |||||
| Unadjusted | 1194 (1111 to 1277) | 1256 (1180 to 1332) | 1289 (1218 to 1361) | 1221 (1135 to 1307) | 0.336 |
| Model 1 (adjusted for sex and age) | 1205 (1147 to 1264) | 1252 (1199 to 1304) | 1285 (1235 to 1334) | 1222 (1161 to 1282) | 0.165 |
| Model 2 (model 1+ fat-free mass) | 1224 (1181 to 1267) | 1253 (1215 to 1292) | 1266 (1229 to 1302) | 1226 (1182 to 1271) | 0.365 |
| Model 3 (model 2 + fat mass) | 1220 (1178 to 1262) | 1268 (1228 to 1307) | 1253 (1216 to 1291) | 1230 (1187 to 1273) | 0.312 |
| Physical activity level | |||||
| Unadjusted | 1.81 (1.72 to 1.91) | 1.68 (1.60 to 1.77) | 1.72 (1.64 to 1.80) | 1.74 (1.65 to 1.84) | 0.211 |
| Model 1 (adjusted for sex and age) | 1.81 (1.71 to 1.90) | 1.68 (1.60 to 1.77) | 1.71 (1.63 to 1.79) | 1.75 (1.65 to 1.85) | 0.217 |
| Model 2 (model 1+ METs) | 1.81 (1.72 to 1.91) | 1.68 (1.60 to 1.77) | 1.71 (1.62 to 1.79) | 1.76 (1.66 to 1.86) | 0.199 |
Data are presented as mean (95% CI).
DM, diabetes mellitus;OAD, oral antidiabetic drug;METs, metabolic equivalents.