Table 2

Association of individual FFAs with HOMA-IR and C-peptide concentration

Independent variable		Dependent variable
FFAs	Molecular % (mean±SD)	HOMA-IR	P value	C-peptide (ng/mL)	P value
		β±SE		β±SE
Palmitoleic acid (16:1)	2.58±1.22	−0.666±0.070	<0.001	−0.457±0.044	<0.0001
Oleic acid (18:1)	26.37±7.42	−0.100±0.011	<0.0001	−0.069±0.007	<0.0001
Linoleic acid (18:2)	15.53±4.94	−0.031±0.017	NS	−0.022±0.011	<0.05
α-Linolenic acid (18:3)	0.60±0.27	−1.317±0.318	<0.0001	−0.984±0.200	<0.0001
Myristic acid (14:0)	1.91±0.85	−0.309±0.101	<0.01	−0.211±0.064	<0.001
Palmitic acid (16:0)	34.33±7.94	0.065±0.010	<0.0001	0.040±0.007	<0.0001
Stearic acid (18:0)	14.45±5.32	0.084±0.016	<0.001	0.059±0.010	<0.0001
DGLA (20:3)	1.20±0.75	0.778±0.108	<0.0001	0.677±0.067	<0.0001
Arachidonic acid (20:4)	2.02±1.22	0.269±0.069	<0.0001	0.229±0.043	<0.0001
EPA (20:5)	0.15±0.31	0.290±0.266	NS	0.557±0.168	<0.001
DHA (22:6)	0.89±0.55	0.303±0.152	<0.05	0.410±0.095	<0.0001

Models were adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnant body mass index (BMI), parity, ethnicity and cigarette smoking. Separate model was performed for each independent variable with HOMA-IR or C-peptide level.
DGLA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid;EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; FFA, free fatty acid; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance;.NS, not significant.