General and biochemical characteristics of type 2 DM participants according to their gender
| Variable | Gender | ||
| Male | Female | P value* | |
| N (%) | 99 (41.4) | 140 (58.6) | – |
| Age (year) | 57.39±9.58 | 55.90±8.61 | 0.21 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.40±4.00 | 32.16±4.36 | <0.01 |
| Smoking | |||
| Yes | 39 (39.4) | 4 (2.9) | <0.01 |
| No | 60 (60.6) | 163 (97.1) | |
| Duration of type 2 DM (year) | 7 (4–13) | 5.50 (3-10) | 0.08 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 8.70 (6.90–12.60) | 8 (6.5–12.1) | 0.29 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.29 (6.94–9.80) | 7.53 (6.70–9.05) | 0.05 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 139.82±15.99 | 136.60±17.31 | 0.15 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 84.50±10.02 | 81.88±10.27 | 0.05 |
| 25-hydroxyvitamin D (ng/mL) | 14.80 (9.05–21.70) | 14.29 (8.04–24.30) | 0.79 |
| On neuropathic pain medication (gabapentin) | |||
| Yes | 8 (8.1) | 8 (5.7) | 0.60 |
| No | 91 (91.9) | 132 (94.3) | |
*Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were determined using Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables and χ2 test or Fisher‘s exact test for categorical variables. Data were expressed as frequency (%), mean±SD or median (25th–75th percentiles).
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; FBG, fasting blood glucose;; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; SBP, systolic blood pressure.