Association between perceived diabetes risk and potential determinants among adults with an elevated or high actual diabetes risk from a nationwide population-based study in Germany (n=639)
| OR (95% CI)* from separate models for each variable | OR (95% CI)* from the fully adjusted model | |
| Sociodemographic factors | ||
| Age (per year) | 0.91 (0.88 to0.94) | 0.92 (0.88 to0.96) |
| Sex (men vs women) | 1.12 (0.62 to 2.03) | 0.66 (0.22 to 1.98) |
| Educational level | ||
| High | 1 | 1 |
| Middle | 0.92 (0.54 to 1.59) | 0.60 (0.27 to 1.34) |
| Low | 0.79 (0.43 to 1.45) | 0.87 (0.41 to 1.85) |
| Diabetes risk factors | ||
| Body mass index (per kg/m2) | 1.13 (1.07 to1.19) | 1.00 (0.82 to 1.20) |
| Waist circumference (per cm) | 1.05 (1.03 to1.08) | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.11) |
| Physical activity (≥5 vs <5 hours/week) | 0.63 (0.35 to 1.14) | 0.79 (0.36 to 1.72) |
| Smoking | ||
| Never | 1 | 1 |
| Formerly | 1.13 (0.61 to 2.10) | 0.85 (0.43 to 1.69) |
| Currently | 1.75 (0.76 to 4.00) | 0.69 (0.25 to 1.89) |
| Hypertension diagnosis (yes vs no) | 0.97 (0.46 to 2.06) | 0.80 (0.37 to 1.73) |
| Family history of diabetes (yes vs no) | 2.57 (1.41 to4.68) | 2.10 (1.06 to4.16) |
| Preventive healthcare behavior | ||
| 'Health check-up 35' in last 2 years† | ||
| Yes | 1 | 1 |
| No | 0.98 (0.47 to 2.08) | 0.84 (0.37 to 1.93) |
| Don’t know this recommendation | 0.66 (0.30 to 1.44) | 0.62 (0.27 to 1.47) |
| Last blood glucose measurement (%) | ||
| Within last 12 months | 1 | 1 |
| ≥1 year ago | 0.87 (0.39 to 1.92) | 1.30 (0.51 to 3.27) |
| Never | 1.49 (0.39 to 5.65) | 2.39 (0.53 to 10.7) |
| Information about diabetes risk | ||
| Ever informed from physician on increased diabetes risk (yes vs no) | 6.43 (3.12 to13.2) | 3.27 (1.51 to7.07) |
| Ever actively informed about diabetes by oneself (yes vs no) | 1.59 (0.90 to 2.82) | 1.16 (0.59 to 2.30) |
| Occupational relation to diabetes topic (yes vs no) | 0.88 (0.41 to 1.90) | 0.51 (0.22 to 1.21) |
| Beliefs on health and diabetes | ||
| Subjective health (very good/good vs moderate to poor) | 0.55 (0.31to 0.98) | 0.52 (0.25 to 1.07) |
| Perceived seriousness of diabetes | ||
| Serious or very serious | 1 | 1 |
| Not or moderately serious | 1.47 (0.74 to 2.89) | 2.02 (0.96 to 4.26) |
| No opinion | 0.31 (0.10 to0.95) | 0.54 (0.16 to 1.81) |
| Belief in general control of diabetes risk (fully agree/agree vs disagree/fully disagree) | 1.01 (0.55 to 1.86) | 1.14 (0.50 to 2.58) |
| Belief in personal control of diabetes risk (fully agree/agree vs disagree/fully disagree) | 0.88 (0.36 to 2.18) | 0.73 (0.20 to 2.71) |
| Perceived knowledge on diabetes (very good/good vs poor/very poor) | 0.88 (0.47 to 1.63) | 0.58 (0.26 to 1.29) |
Bold numbers indicate statistically significant ORs (p value<0.05).
*Calculated based on logistic regression with perceived diabetes risk as dependent variable (high/moderate risk (n(unweighted)=130) vs slight/almost no risk as reference (n(unweighted)=509)) and potential determinants as independent variables.
†The category ‘not relevant as aged below 35 years‘ initially comprised only two participants with an elevated/high actual diabetes risk and thus, is excluded from the analysis of the results for this table.