Sociodemographic and diabetes risk factors across categories of actual diabetes risk among adults without diagnosed diabetes from a nationwide population-based study in Germany (n=2327)
| Total | Categories of actual diabetes risk | P for trend | ||||
| Low risk (<2%) | Still low risk (2% to <5%) | Elevated risk (5% to <10%) | High risk (≥10%) | |||
| Proportion of study sample (%) | 59.5 | 16.1 | 10.4 | 14.1 | ||
| Sociodemographic factors | ||||||
| Sex, male (%) | 48.6 | 44.6 | 50.0 | 50.4 | 62.4 | <0.0001 |
| Age (years) | 51.7 (0.6) | 41.0 (0.6) | 63.4 (1.0) | 69.9 (1.0) | 70.5 (0.9) | <0.0001 |
| Educational level (%) | ||||||
| High | 25.9 | 30.6 | 24.2 | 19.0 | 13.3 | <0.0001 |
| Middle | 40.9 | 46.6 | 37.6 | 32.7 | 27.0 | <0.0001 |
| Low | 33.2 | 22.9 | 38.2 | 48.3 | 59.7 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes risk factors | ||||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.7 (0.1) | 23.8 (0.1) | 26.4 (0.3) | 27.1 (0.3) | 31.4 (0.4) | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 89.8 (0.4) | 83.1 (0.4) | 94.6 (0.7) | 96.8 (0.6) | 107.7 (0.9) | <0.0001 |
| Physical activity ≥5 hours/week (%) | 72.6 | 74.6 | 74.7 | 71.9 | 62.0 | 0.005 |
| Smoking (%) | ||||||
| Never | 47.9 | 48.2 | 49.5 | 51.3 | 41.9 | 0.35 |
| Formerly | 25.2 | 21.1 | 26.7 | 27.0 | 39.4 | <0.0001 |
| Currently | 26.9 | 30.7 | 23.8 | 21.7 | 18.7 | 0.002 |
| Hypertension diagnosis (%) | 34.0 | 14.3 | 43.4 | 62.7 | 85.6 | <0.0001 |
| Family history of diabetes (%)* | 22.4 | 17.0 | 22.5 | 34.4 | 36.2 | <0.0001 |
Data are given as weighted mean (SE) or weighted percentage.
*At least one parent or sibling with diabetes.