Characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes having controlled or uncontrolled glycemia
| HbA1c (%) | ||||
| Overall | Controlled (HbA1c <7; <53 mmol/mol) | Uncontrolled (HbA1c ≥7; ≥53 mmol/mol) | P value | |
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Total | 55 639 | 13 045 | 42 594 | |
| Age, mean±SD (years) | 54.31±11.11 | 53.58±11.32 | 54.53±11.03 | |
| ≤55 | 29 598 | 7247 (24.48) | 22 351 (75.52) | <0.0001 |
| 56–65 | 17 037 | 3832 (22.49) | 13 205 (77.51) | |
| >65 | 9004 | 1966 (21.83) | 7038 (78.17) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 30 095 | 6916 (22.98) | 23 179 (77.02) | 0.0018 |
| Female | 25 124 | 6047 (24.07) | 19 077 (75.93) | |
| Diabetes duration | ||||
| Recently diagnosed | 6174 | 1749 (28.33) | 4425 (71.67) | <0.0001 |
| Past 1–2 years | 10 375 | 2722 (26.24) | 7653 (73.76) | |
| Past 2–5 years | 16 635 | 3771 (22.67) | 12 864 (77.33) | |
| >5 years | 20 920 | 4405 (21.06) | 16 515 (78.94) | |
| Any microvascular complication | 19 849 | 3894 (19.62) | 15 955 (80.38) | <0.0001 |
| Neuropathy | 14 966 | 3069 (20.51) | 11 897 (79.49) | <0.0001 |
| Nephropathy | 4759 | 805 (16.92) | 3954 (83.08) | <0.0001 |
| Retinopathy | 3964 | 628 (15.84) | 3336 (84.16) | <0.0001 |
| BMI*(kg/m2), mean±SD | 26.37±3.31 | 26.13±3.35 | 26.44±3.3 | |
| Normal | 6867 | 1805 (26.29) | 5062 (73.71) | <0.0001 |
| Overweight | 11 332 | 2859 (25.23) | 8473 (74.77) | |
| Obese | 37 440 | 8381 (22.39) | 29 059 (77.61) | |
| Blood pressure† (mm Hg) | ||||
| Normal | 2651 | 812 (30.63) | 1839 (69.37) | <0.0001 |
| Prehypertension | 37 386 | 9270 (24.8) | 28 116 (75.2) | |
| Stage I hypertension | 13 943 | 2735 (19.62) | 11 208 (80.38) | |
| Stage II hypertension | 1658 | 228 (13.75) | 1430 (86.25) | |
| FBG (mg/dL)‡, mean±SD | 126.8±19.02 | 118.24±18.45 | 129.42±18.41 | |
| FBG <130 | 32 025 | 9967 (31.12) | 22 058 (68.88) | <0.0001 |
| FBG >130 | 23 614 | 3078 (13.03) | 20 536 (86.97) | |
| PPG (mg/dL)§, mean±SD | 198.27±43.51 | 176.92±34.02 | 204.81±44 | |
| PPG <180 | 20 663 | 8055 (38.98) | 12 608 (61.02) | <0.0001 |
| PPG ≥180 | 34 976 | 4990 (14.27) | 29 986 (85.73) | |
Percentages are based on the overall counts. Hence, they may not add to 100% due to the presence of missing responses.
*BMI (kg/m2): normal BMI: 18.0–22.9; overweight: 23.0–24.9; obese: >25.
†Blood pressure (mm Hg): normal (SBP <120 and DBP <80), prehypertension (SBP=120–139 or DBP=80–89), stage I hypertension (SBP=140–159 or DBP=90–99), stage II hypertension (SBP ≥160 or DBP ≥100).
‡FBG (mg/dL): FBG <130, 7.2 mmol/L and FBG >130, 7.2 mmol/L.
§PPG (mg/dL): PPG <180, 10 mmol/L and PPG ≥180, 10 mmol/L.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; PPG, post-prandial blood glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure.