Variables | Intervention (n=46) | Control (n=30) | ||||
Baseline Mean±SD | Follow-up Mean±SD | P value* | Baseline Mean±SD | Follow-up Mean±SD | P value* | |
Medical consultations in primary care (n) | 3.8 (2.45) | 1.8 (1.94) | <0.001 | 3.7 (2.32) | 2.1 (2.10) | <0.001 |
Medical consultations in primary care (US$) | 31.08 (20.06) | 14.75 (15.84) | <0.001 | 29.93 (18.99) | 18.38 (17.10) | <0.001 |
Nursing consultations (n) | 0.6 (0.83) | 0.6 (1.04) | 1.000 | 0.8 (0.96) | 0.6 (0.89) | 0.465 |
Nursing consultations (US$) | 2.25 (2.94) | 2.25 (3.71) | 1.000 | 2.86 (3.42) | 2.26 (3.17) | 0.465 |
Consultation in specialized care (n) | 0.09 (0.29) | 0.30 (0.81) | 0.058 | 0.23 (0.43) | 0.47 (0.78) | 0.147 |
Consultation in specialized care (US$) | 0.28 (0.91) | 0.97 (2.59) | 0.058 | 0.74 (1.36) | 1.49 (2.47) | 0.147 |
Urgent and emergency consultations (n) | 0.11 (0.31) | 0 (0) | 0.024 | 0.37 (1.47) | 0.7 (0.25) | 0.286 |
Urgent and emergency consultations (US$) | 0.38 (1.10) | 0 (0) | 0.024 | 1.28 (5.16) | 0.23 (0.89) | 0.286 |
DM2 medications and supplies (n) | 1.1 (0.83) | 1.1 (1.32) | 0.103 | 1.2 (0.96) | 1.2 (1.88) | 1.000 |
DM2 medications and supplies (US$) | 46,41 (84.63) | 87.5 (123.95) | 0.028 | 50.40 (56.62) | 118.70 (142.78) | 0.001 |
Other medications (n) | 3.1 (2.28) | 2.98 (2.19) | 0.323 | 4.3 (2.59) | 4.47 (2.69) | 0.567 |
Other medications (US$) | 33.20 (54.82) | 140.88 (206.78) | 0.001 | 29.68 (33.50) | 189.57 (225.36) | 0.001 |
Consultations in IPES (n) | _ | 3 | _ | _ | _ | _ |
Consultations in IPES (US$) | _ | 9.07 | _ | _ | _ | _ |
Total patient pharmacotherapy (n) | 4.1 (2.73) | 4.1 (2.65) | 1.000 | 5.5 (2.97) | 5.7 (3.11) | 0.527 |
Total patient pharmacotherapy (US$) | 79.61 (114.68) | 228.39 (1.04) | 0.003 | 80.08 (63.22) | 98.18 (1.15) | 0.001 |
Total patient cost in 1 year (US$) | 113.61 (122.98) | 254.34 (334.24) | 0.005 | 114.93 (65.67) | 327.61 (365.14) | 0.001 |
*Paired t-test. Intragroup comparison: baseline intervention × follow-up intervention, and baseline control × follow-up control.
DM2, type 2 diabetes mellitus; IPES, individual pharmacotherapeutic empowerment strategies.