Characteristics of women with low muscle mass
| Low muscle mass | P values | ||
| Yes | No | ||
| n=87 | n=89 | ||
| Age (years) | 78.4±6.7 | 75.1±9.1 | 0.006 |
| Height (cm) | 147.6±5.7 | 150.0±6.1 | 0.008 |
| Weight (kg) | 45.4±5.9 | 53.9±6.8 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.9±2.6 | 24.0±2.6 | <0.001 |
| FMI (kg/m2) | 6.6±2.3 | 8.1±2.3 | <0.001 |
| SMI (kg/m2) | 5.2±0.4 | 6.2±0.5 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 83.9±9.5 | 88.9±8.3 | <0.001 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 14.3±5.0 | 18.2±5.1 | <0.001 |
| Skeletal muscle mass (kg) | 11.4±1.3 | 14.1±1.8 | <0.001 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 18.1±4.1 | 21.6±5.2 | <0.001 |
| PB glucose (mg/dL) | 98±34 | 100±24 | 0.656 |
| PB insulin (μU/mL) | 7.1±6.0 | 8.9±7.8 | 0.132 |
| PB triglycerides (mg/dL) | 130±66 | 147±86 | 0.148 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 215±32 | 221±32 | 0.190 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 64±14 | 63±15 | 0.535 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 6.8±4.0 | 8.6±5.1 | 0.008 |
| Adiponectin (mg/L) | 15.5±7.6 | 12.6±8.0 | 0.017 |
| Leucocytes (109/L) | 6.2±1.6 | 6.0±1.6 | 0.599 |
| PAI-1 (ng/mL) | 23±10 | 26±12 | 0.074 |
| hsCRP (μg/dL) | 79±109 | 92±114 | 0.466 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 1.6±0.8 | 1.7±1.2 | 0.615 |
| Red blood cells (1012/μL) | 421±34 | 423±37 | 0.691 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 127±10 | 129±12 | 0.367 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 40.7±3.0 | 40.8±3.6 | 0.838 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.4±0.2 | 4.4±0.3 | 0.209 |
| Iron (μg/dL) | 93±27 | 94±28 | 0.908 |
| Copper (μg/dL) | 110±17 | 109±14 | 0.604 |
| Zinc (μg/dL) | 77±11 | 77±11 | 0.823 |
| Transthyretin (mg/dL) | 27±5 | 27±6 | 0.436 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.67±0.12 | 0.71±0.19 | 0.080 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 66±12 | 64±15 | 0.540 |
| Anemia (n, %) | 19, 21.8 | 17, 19.1 | 0.709 |
| CKD G3b (n, %) | 4, 4.6 | 8, 9.0 | 0.371 |
| Hyperadiponectinemia (n, %) | 23, 26.4 | 11, 12.4 | 0.022 |
Mean±SD or n, %.
BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; FMI, fat mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; PAI-1, plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1; PB, post-breakfast; RBC, red blood cells; SMI, skeletal muscle mass index; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.