Baseline characteristics of the cohort stratified by diabetes status at 5-year follow-up
| Characteristic | Overall | Yes | No | P value |
| N | 719 | 146 (20.3%) | 573 (79.7%) | |
| Age (years) | 55.1±8.5 | 55.7±8.1 | 54.9±8.6 | 0.33 |
| Males | 318 (44.2%) | 57 (39.0%) | 261 (45.5%) | 0.16 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Whites | 304 (42.3%) | 58 (39.7%) | 246 (42.9%) | 0.48 |
| Hispanics | 239 (33.2%) | 52 (35.6%) | 187 (32.6%) | 0.49 |
| African-Americans | 176 (24.5%) | 36 (24.7%) | 140 (24.4%) | >0.99 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.4±5.6 | 31.4±6.7 | 27.7±5.0 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 98.1±11.1 | 106.5±12.6 | 96.0±9.7 | <0.001 |
| Acute insulin response (µU/ml) | 52.6±49.7 | 31.6±32.8 | 57.8±51.9 | <0.001 |
| Insulin sensitivity (x10-4 min-1[µU’ml]-1) | 2.2±2.1 | 1.3±1.6 | 2.4±2.2 | <0.001 |
| Family history of diabetes | 285 (39.6%) | 73 (50.0%) | 212 (37.0%) | 0.01 |
| Education >12 grade | 138 (19.2%) | 24 (16.4%) | 114 (19.9%) | 0.20 |
| Impaired glucose tolerance | 244 (33.9%) | 94 (64.4%) | 150 (26.2%) | <0.001 |
| Estimated energy expenditure (kcal/kg/year) | 14855.9±2739.3 | 14819.6±2578.1 | 14865.1±2780.7 | 0.86 |
| Alcohol use | 0.15 | |||
| Current | 370 (51.5%) | 80 (54.8%) | 290 (50.6%) | |
| Former | 267 (37.1%) | 45 (30.8%) | 222 (38.7%) | |
| Smoking history | 0.01 | |||
| Current | 105 (14.6%) | 33 (22.6%) | 72 (12.6%) | |
| Former | 282 (39.2%) | 49 (33.6%) | 233 (40.7%) | |
| Dietary carbohydrate intake (g/day) | 214.9±86.5 | 209.8±89.5 | 216.2±85.7 | 0.42 |
| Myristic acid (14:0) | 1.0±0.4 | 1.1±0.3 | 1.0±0.4 | 0.24 |
| Palmitic acid (16:0) | 21.6±2.0 | 22.3±2.1 | 21.5±2.0 | <0.001 |
| Stearic acid (18:0) | 6.8±0.7 | 6.8±0.7 | 6.8±0.7 | >0.99 |
| Myristoleic acid (14:1n5) | 0.1±0.05 | 0.1±0.05 | 0.1±0.05 | 0.88 |
| Palmitoleic acid (16:1n7) | 2.2±0.9 | 2.5±1.0 | 2.2±0.9 | <0.001 |
| Oleic acid (18:1n9) | 19.6±2.7 | 20.2±2.6 | 19.4±0.2.7 | 0.001 |
Mean and SD, or N and percent. Fatty acids are mol%.