Table 3

Risk of incident diabetes associated with per standard unit of fatty acids

	OR for risk of diabetes mellitus (95% CIs)
Fatty acid*	Unadjusted	P value	Model 1†	P value	Model 2‡	P value	Model 3§	P value
SFAs
Myristic acid (14:0)	1.11 (0.93 to 1.32)	0.24	1.12 (0.93 to 1.34)	0.23	1.08 (0.89 to 1.31)	0.42	1.13 (0.92 to 1.40)	0.25
Palmitic acid (16:0)	1.46 (1.23 to 1.76)	<0.001	1.44 (1.18 to 1.74)	<0.001	1.35 (1.10 to 1.67)	0.004	1.36 (1.09 to 1.70)	0.01
Stearic acid (18:0)	1.00 (0.83 to 1.20)	>0.99	0.95 (0.78 to 1.15)	0.57	0.90 (0.74 to 1.11)	0.33	0.90 (0.72 to 1.12)	0.34
MUFAs
Myristoleic acid (14:1n5)	1.01 (0.85 to 1.21)	0.88	1.03 (0.85 to 1.25)	0.77	1.00 (0.82 to 1.23)	0.98	1.06 (0.85 to 1.31)	0.62
Palmitoleic acid (16:1n7)	1.37 (1.16 to 1.63)	<0.001	1.37 (1.13 to 1.67)	0.002	1.32 (1.08 to 1.63)	0.01	1.31 (1.04 to 1.63)	0.02
Oleic acid (18:1n9)	1.33 (1.12 to 1.60)	0.002	1.42 (1.15 to 1.76)	0.001	1.32 (1.06 to 1.64)	0.01	1.35 (1.05 to 1.73)	0.02
Ratios
Palmitoleic acid/palmitic acid (SCD1)	1.32 (1.11 to 1.58)	0.002	1.32 (1.08 to 1.61)	0.01	1.29 (1.04 to 1.59)	0.02	1.26 (1.00 to 1.58)	0.05
Oleic acid/stearic acid (SCD1)	1.24 (1.04 to 1.49)	0.01	1.30 (1.06 to 1.58)	0.01	1.26 (1.03 to 1.55)	0.02	1.28 (1.02 to 1.61)	0.03
Stearic acid/palmitic acid (Elovl6)	0.79 (0.66 to 0.96)	0.01	0.77 (0.63 to 0.94)	0.01	0.79 (0.64 to 0.97)	0.02	0.79 (0.63 to 0.99)	0.04

*All the values of fatty acids and their ratios were converted into SD units. All ORs are per one SD unit.
†Model 1: Age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, carbohydrate intake, oral glucose tolerance status, physical activity, family history of diabetes, alcohol, smoking status and education.
‡Model 2: model 1 covariates and insulin sensitivity.
§Model 3: model 2 covariates and acute insulin response.
MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; SCD1, stearoyl CoA desaturase-1; SFA, unsaturated fatty acid.