Biomarkers for which differences between persons from the KORA F4 study with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n=354) and either patients without diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN−, n=158) or those with DSPN (DSPN+, n=304; PROPANE study) or both were noted
| Biomarkers | NGT | DSPN− | DSPN+ | P value* |
| Cytokines | ||||
| IL6 | 2.22±0.81 | 2.58±0.73 †‡§ | 2.57±0.83 †‡ | 1.4×10−13 |
| IL18 | 8.65±0.58 | 8.86±0.65† | 8.82±0.60 | 7.0×10−6 |
| Chemokines | ||||
| CCL19 (MIP-3β) | 9.80±0.92 | 10.06±0.87† | 10.28±0.95 †‡§ | 9.7×10−13 |
| CCL23 (MIP-3) | 9.98±0.47 | 10.02±0.49 | 10.15±0.77 †‡§ | 1.9×10−4 |
| CCL25 (TECK) | 6.63±0.58 | 6.71±0.54 | 6.89±0.60 †‡§ | 2.1×10−7 |
| Growth factors | ||||
| FGF19 | 7.87±0.88 | 7.60±0.93 | 7.58±0.97 †‡§ | 5.4×10−5 |
| FGF21 | 5.69±1.06 | 6.41±1.11 †‡§ | 6.25±1.40 †‡§ | 2.4×10−13 |
| Receptors | ||||
| IL18R1 | 7.38±0.37 | 7.68±0.43 †‡§ | 7.69±0.53†‡ | 1.2×10−19 |
| LIF-R | 4.57±0.28 | 4.73±0.35 †‡ | 4.72±0.38†‡ | 5.7×10−8 |
| Miscellaneous | ||||
| 4E-BP1 | 6.81±0.56 | 7.10±0.64† | 7.03±1.19 | 9.0×10−8 |
| MMP10 (SL-2) | 6.41±0.58 | 6.51±0.66 | 6.61±0.62 †‡ | 6.9×10−6 |
| SIRT2 | 2.28±0.48 | 2.37±0.53 | 2.54±0.69 †‡§ | 4.5×10−7 |
| SLAMF1 (CD150) | 2.41±0.50 | 2.73±0.60†‡ | 2.74±0.58†‡ | 1.2×10−17 |
| ST1A1 | 2.08±0.85 | 1.99±0.78 | 1.78±0.84†‡§ | 6.0×10−6 |
| uPA | 9.89±0.27 | 9.86±0.33 | 9.80±0.36†‡§ | 8.9×10−5 |
Data are expressed as mean±SD (the unit is normalized protein expression (NPX) which is comparable in its distribution to log2-transformed protein concentration).
*Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction (p<2.35×10−4).
†P<0.05 versus NGT group after adjustment for model 1: sex, age, and smoking.
‡P<0.05 versus NGT group after adjustment for model 2: model 1+BMI.
§P<0.05 versus NGT group after adjustment for model 3: model 2+HbA1c.
BMI, body mass index; CCL, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand; CD, cluster of differentiation; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; IL6, interleukin 6; KORA, Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; PROPANE, Probing the Role of Sodium Channels in Painful Neuropathy Study; SIRT2, SIR2-like protein; SL-2, stromelysin-2; ST1A1, sulfotransferase 1A1; TECK, thymus-expressed chemokine; uPA, urokinase-type plasminogen activator.