Table 2

Participant’s general characteristics at baseline in Korea (KoGES), n=2079

n	Low-stable	Moderate to low	Moderate	High to low	P value
n	534	1285	128	132	P value
	Mean±SD
Age (years)
At baseline	49.03±7.64	51.40±8.80	49.68±8.15	49.49±7.74	<0.0001
BMI (kg/m²)
At baseline	24.79±2.88	24.84±3.22	25.46±3.44	24.96±3.87	0.3322
At endline*	24.53±2.90	24.67±3.23	25.34±3.62	25.17±4.12	0.0641
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
At baseline	89.23±10.85	87.80±10.87	87.71±10.67	87.70±3.87	0.0505
At endline	94.86±15.73	94.24±16.60	97.41±21.67	87.60±8.76	0.1468
Systolic BP (mm Hg)
At baseline	117.98±18.28	119.75±20.12	121.94±21.40	120.65±19.32	0.2002
At endline	118.44±15.96	120.94±18.34	125.12±17.29	124.07±20.40	0.0013
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
At baseline	197.14±34.58	197.73±36.43	191.19±31.53	194.65±34.25	0.1631
At endline	185.83±33.48	190.70±34.58	184.08±29.41	182.59±35.92	0.0196
	%
Sex, women	53.93	97.43	98.44	100.00	<0.0001
Current drinker	49.55	31.22	26.87	28.68	<0.0001
Regular exercise	37.48	29.01	27.61	25.74	0.0002
Educational levels
Up to middle school	23.60	43.19	41.41	43.94	<0.0001
High school	24.72	23.74	32.81	28.03	<0.0001
Some college	35.77	27.78	27.78	23.48	<0.0001
At least graduate school	15.92	5.29	5.29	4.55	<0.0001
Household income, 10 000 won
<100	23.60	37.82	47.66	48.48	<0.0001
100–199	28.65	30.51	28.13	35.76	<0.0001
200–399	36.52	25.91	17.97	20.45	<0.0001
400+	11.24	5.76	6.25	5.30	<0.0001

The bold values are statistically significant.
*The number of sample was 1318 after excluding participants who had no body mass index value at the endline.
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; KoGES, Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study; SD, standard deviation; SHS, secondhand smoke.