Clinical characteristics of the study participants (n=8460)
| Variables | Boys (n=4267) | Girls (n=4193) | P value |
| Age, years | 12.6±3.7 | 12.8±3.7 | <0.001 |
| Physical inactivity, n (%) | 3501 (82.0) | 3746 (89.3) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 533 (12.5) | 202 (4.8) | <0.001 |
| Menarche/Spermarche, n (%) | 637 (14.9) | 2127 (50.7) | <0.001 |
| Family income, $/year | 10413±7939 | 10376±7817 | 0.432 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 20.1±4.4 | 19.4±3.7 | <0.001 |
| DXA-measured variables | |||
| FMI, kg/m2 | 5.58±2.6 | 6.41±2.23 | <0.001 |
| FMP, % | 26.8±7.7 | 32.3±5.6 | <0.001 |
| SAT, cm2 | 119.7±93.3 | 189.1±74.7 | <0.001 |
| VAT, cm2 | 49.7±33.0 | 36.6±23.2 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 113.2±12.6 | 108.5±10.5 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 66.5±8.4 | 66.8±8.24 | 0.051 |
| TC, mg/dL | 146.8±28.9 | 150.6±29.4 | <0.001 |
| TG, mg/dL | 55.8 (39.0–80.6) | 59.3 (43.4–82.4) | 0.043 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 82.8±23.9 | 84.9±24.5 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 53.3±11.1 | 55.4±11.2 | <0.001 |
| Weight status, n (%) | |||
| Normal weight | 2820 (66.1) | 3290 (78.5) | <0.001 |
| Overweight | 755 (17.7) | 547 (13.1) | |
| Obesity | 692 (16.2) | 356 (8.5) | |
| Elevated BP, n (%) | 487 (11.4) | 362 (8.6) | <0.001 |
| High TC, n (%) | 189 (4.4) | 226 (5.4) | 0.041 |
| High TG, n (%) | 297 (7.0) | 248 (5.9) | 0.049 |
| High LDL-C, n (%) | 145 (3.4) | 189 (4.5) | 0.009 |
| Low HDL-C, n (%) | 450 (10.6) | 302 (7.2) | <0.001 |
Data are mean±SD, median (25–75 percentile) or n (%).
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; FMI, fat mass index; FMP, fat mass percentage; HDL-C, high-density lipid cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipid cholesterol; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.