White European without T2D | South Asian without T2D | White European with T2D | South Asian with T2D | |
Total participants | 437 867 | 5936 | 20 068 | 1166 |
Age (years) | 56.6 (8.0) | 52.5 (8.4) | 60.2 (6.8) | 57.4 (7.9) |
Sex (% male) | 44.6 (195 302) | 50.1 (2975) | 61.3 (12 310) | 62.5 (1166) |
Deprivation index | ||||
Lower (least deprived) | 35.3 (154 382) | 17.1 (1015) | 28.4 (5691) | 13.4 (156) |
Middle | 34.3 (149 976) | 27.3 (1618) | 32.1 (6440) | 27.4 (320) |
Higher (most deprived) | 30.5 (133 509) | 55.6 (3303) | 39.6 (7937) | 59.2 (690) |
Income (£) | ||||
<18 000 | 21.4 (81 024) | 28.1 (1280) | 36.2 (6189) | 44.0 (376) |
18 000–51 999 | 52.0 (197 060) | 45.5 (2069) | 48.9 (8356) | 39.9 (341) |
>52 000 | 26.7 (101 231) | 26.4 (1201) | 14.9 (2546) | 16.1 (138) |
Professional qualifications | ||||
CSEs | 6.2 (23 671) | 7.1 (363) | 5.5 (927) | 7.6 (76) |
O-levels | 24.7 (94 803) | 18.4 (943) | 23.9 (4043) | 19.3 (194) |
A-levels | 13.1 (50 154) | 9.9 (507) | 11.4 (1934) | 8.1 (81) |
College/university degree | 37.4 (143 468) | 48.0 (2466) | 26.7 (4521) | 38.5 (386) |
None of the above | 16.7 (371 714) | 16.7 (855) | 32.5 (5499) | 26.5 (266) |
Smoking | ||||
Never | 54.7 (239 392) | 80.1 (4755) | 42.2 (8477) | 73.2 (853) |
Previous | 35.0 (153 400) | 11.4 (677) | 47.0 (9432) | 17.1 (199) |
Current | 10.3 (45 075) | 8.5 (504) | 10.8 (2159) | 9.8 (114) |
Red meat intake (portions/week) | 1.94 (1.38) | 1.26 (1.48) | 2.19 (1.56) | 1.34 (1.66) |
Processed meat intake (portions/week) | 1.87 (1.05) | 1.18 (1.17) | 2.10 (1.03) | 2.10 (1.03) |
Oily fish intake (portions/week) | 1.64 (0.92) | 1.17 (1.04) | 1.66 (0.96) | 1.19 (1.11) |
Fruit and vegetable intake (g/day) | 325.9 (187.2) | 397.3 (279.9) | 343.4 (194.9) | 436.3 (356.5) |
Alcohol intake (% of TE) | 2.84 (1.47) | 4.55 (1.67) | 3.38 (1.62) | 4.82 (1.58) |
Sedentary time (hours/day) | 5.00 (2.26) | 4.80 (2.73) | 5.87 (2.61) | 5.07 (2.94) |
Physical activity (MET/day) | 388.0 (540.7) | 305.3 (441.9) | 317.9 (490.3) | 247.2 (393.0) |
Physical activity recommendations | ||||
Inactive | 44.9 (196 496) | 53.5 (3175) | 55.9 (11 209) | 60.4 (704) |
Active | 55.1 (241 371) | 46.5 (2761) | 44.1 (8859) | 39.6 (462) |
Sleep duration (hours) | 7.17 (1.06) | 7.04 (1.17) | 7.24 (1.32) | 7.17 (1.36) |
Height (cm) | 168.6 (9.2) | 163.8 (9.3) | 169.6 (9.3) | 164.3 (9.2) |
Weight (kg) | 77.5 (15.5) | 72.4 (13.6) | 91.2 (18.6) | 77.9 (15.0) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.2 (4.6) | 26.9 (4.3) | 31.7 (5.9) | 28.8 (5.0) |
Waist circumference (cm) | 89.5 (13.1) | 90.1 (11.6) | 103.5 (14.4) | 97.7 (11.7) |
Body fat (%) | 31.2 (8.5) | 31.7 (8.1) | 34.1 (8.6) | 32.7 (8.1) |
Cancer diagnosed | ||||
No | 92.1 (402 429) | 97.0 (5736) | 90.6 (18 129) | 96.4 (1117) |
Yes | 7.9 (34 338) | 3.0 (180) | 9.4 (1883) | 3.6 (42) |
CVD diagnosed | ||||
No | 96.9 (432 802) | 96.9 (5704) | 88.3 (17 703) | 89.2 (1031) |
Heart attack | 1.9 (8499) | 2.3 (133) | 8.7 (1747) | 8.3 (96) |
Stroke | 1.1 (4940) | 0.9 (50) | 2.9 (589) | 2.5 (29) |
Data are mean and SD for continuous variables and percentages and numbers for categorical variables.
A, advanced; BMI, body mass index; CSE, Certificate of Secondary Education; CVD, cardiovascular disease; MET, metabolic equivalent; O, ordinary; T2D, type 2 diabetes; TE, total energy.