Medications associated with hyperglycemia by medication groups
| Drug class | Sample agents | Proposed mechanisms for hyperglycemia |
| Anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and immunomodulatory drugs | ||
| Glucocorticoids | Hydrocortisone Prednisone Dexamethasone | Increased insulin resistance Increased gluconeogenesis Decreased insulin production Weight gain Upregulation of the effect of glucagon and epinephrine |
| L-asparaginase | L-asparaginase | Decreased insulin synthesis β cell damage Impairment in insulin receptor function Hyperglucagonemia |
| Calcineurin inhibitor | Tacrolimus Cyclosporine | Decreased insulin secretion |
| mTOR inhibitors | Sirolimus | Decreased insulin secretion Increased insulin resistance |
| Monoclonal antibody | Basiliximab | Increased islet autoimmunity |
| Checkpoint inhibitors | Nivolumab and pembrolizumab | Increased islet autoimmunity |
| Neurologic and psychiatric drugs | ||
| γ aminobutyric acid Inhibitors | Valproic acid | Weight gain Increased insulin resistance |
| Voltage gated sodium channel blockers | Phenytoin | Decreased insulin secretion Increased insulin resistance |
| α-2-adrenergic agonists | Clonidine | Decreased insulin secretion |
| Atypical antipsychotics | Quetiapine Olanzapine Risperidone Aripiprazole Ziprasidone | Increased insulin resistance Weight gain Decreased insulin secretion |
| Cardiovascular and renal drugs | ||
| Thiazide diuretics | Multiple | Increased insulin resistance Decreased insulin secretion |
| β-blockers | Multiple | Decreased insulin secretion Increased insulin resistance |
| Class III antiarrhythmics | Amiodarone | Unknown |
| Prostaglandins | PGE 1 | Decreased insulin secretion Increased glucagon secretion |
| HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) | Multiple | Increased insulin resistance Decreased insulin secretion |
| Vitamin B3 | Niacin | Increased glucose production Increased insulin resistance |
| Endocrinologic drugs | ||
| Growth hormone | Growth hormone | Increased insulin resistance Increased gluconeogenesis |
| Hormonal contraceptives | Multiple | Decreased insulin secretion Increased insulin resistance |
| Somatostatin analogs | Octreotide Pasireotide | Decreased insulin secretion |
| Potassium channel activator | Diazoxide | Decreased insulin secretion |
| Anti-infective drugs | ||
| Fluoroquinolones | Ciprofloxacin Gemifloxacin Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin Ofloxacin | Decreased insulin secretion |
| Antiprotozoals Antifungals | Pentamidine | Decreased insulin secretion |
| Protease inhibitors | Ritonavir Nelfinavir Indinavir | Decreased insulin secretion Increased insulin resistance |
| Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | Didanosine Abacavir | Mitochondrial toxicity |
| Respiratory drugs | ||
| β-2-agonists | Multiple | Increased glucogenolysis and gluconeogenesis |
| Phosphodiesterase inhibitor | Theophylline | Increased catecholamines |
HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PGE1, prostaglandin 1.