Baseline characteristics and adherence data for the study population; in all, in individuals with MPR≤80 and >80% and in discontinuers and continuers of LLT at index and 18 months after initiation of LLT
| Variables | All n=6192 | After 18 months of LLT | |||
| MPR≤80% n=2970 | MPR>80% n=3222 | Discontinuers n=1653 | Continuers n=4539 | ||
| Patient characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | 45±12* | 43±12 | 47±12 | 42±12 | 46±12 |
| Gender: male | 3559 (58)* | 1785 (60) | 1774 (55) | 1012 (61) | 2547 (56) |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 29±14 | 27±13 | 31±14 | 26±13 | 27±13 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3±4.2 | 26.4±4.2 | 26.3±4.2 | 26.3±4.3 | 26.4±4.2 |
| Smokers | 651 (13) | 352 (15) | 299 (11) | 209 (17) | 442 (12) |
| Low physical activity† | 891 (22) | 430 (22) | 61 (21) | 253 (24) | 638 (21) |
| Biomarkers | |||||
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 66±14 | 67±14 | 64±13 | 68±14 | 65±13 |
| HbA1c NGSP (%) | 8.1±3.4 | 8.3±3.4 | 8.0±3.4 | 8.3±3.5 | 8.1±3.4 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 130±16 | 129±16 | 130±15 | 129±16 | 130±16 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 75±9 | 75±9 | 74±9 | 75±9 | 74±9 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.3±0.8 | 3.4±0.8 | 3.2±0.7 | 3.4±0.8 | 3.3±0.7 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.6±0.5 | 1.6±0.5 | 1.6±0.5 | 1.6±0.5 | 1.6±0.5 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.2±0.9 | 1.3±0.9 | 1.2±0.8 | 1.3±0.9 | 1.2±0.8 |
| eGFR (mL/min) | 91±25 | 93±25 | 89±24 | 94±26 | 90±24 |
| Microalbuminuria | 824 (18) | 385 (18) | 439 (18) | 218 (19) | 606 (18) |
| Macroalbuminuria | 369 (7.7) | 164 (7.4) | 205 (8.0) | 84 (7.0) | 285 (7.9) |
| Socioeconomic status | |||||
| Disposable individual income | 2145 (3797) | 2089 (1572) | 2197 (5042) | 2042(1794) | 2183 (4300) |
| Married | 2810 (45) | 1230 (42) | 1580 (49) | 653 (40) | 2157 (48) |
| Single | 2509 (41) | 1313 (44) | 1196 (37) | 759 (46) | 1750 (39) |
| Divorced | 774 (13) | 383 (13) | 391 (12) | 221 (13) | 553 (12) |
| Widowed | 91 (1.5) | 39 (1.3) | 52 (1.6) | 17 (1.0) | 74 (1.6) |
| Education 9 years or less | 1050 (17) | 490 (17) | 560 (18) | 275 (17) | 775 (17) |
| Education 10–12 years | 3314 (54) | 1639 (56) | 1675 (52) | 930 (57) | 2384 (53) |
| College/university | 1792 (29) | 824 (28) | 968 (30) | 435 (27) | 1357 (30) |
| Born in Sweden | 5752 (93) | 2736 (92) | 3016 (94) | 1503 (91) | 4249 (94) |
| Treatment | |||||
| Multiple daily injection | 3891 (84) | 1825 (83) | 2066 (84) | 1005 (84) | 2886 (84) |
| Insulin pump therapy | 761 (16) | 366 (17) | 395 (16) | 194 (16) | 567 (16) |
| Antihypertensive medication | 2642 (43) | 992 (33) | 1650 (51) | 526 (32) | 2116 (47) |
| Anticoagulants (excluding ASA) | 183 (3.0) | 69 (2.3) | 114 (3.5) | 42 (2.5) | 141 (3.1) |
| ASA | 982 (16) | 356 (12) | 626 (19) | 178 (11) | 804 (18) |
| Previous disease | |||||
| Unstable angina | 168 (2.7) | 64 (2.2) | 104 (3.2) | 40 (2.4) | 128 (2.8) |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 150 (2.4) | 40 (1.3) | 110 (3.4) | 24 (1.5) | 126 (2.8) |
| Ischemic disease | 102 (1.6) | 38 (1.3) | 64 (2.0) | 29 (1.8) | 73 (1.6) |
| Stroke | 113 (1.8) | 40 (1.3) | 73 (2.3) | 20 (1.2) | 93 (2.0) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 211 (3.4) | 86 (2.9) | 125 (3.9) | 57 (3.4) | 154 (3.4) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 559 (9.0) | 201 (6.8) | 358 (11.1) | 124 (7.5) | 435 (9.6) |
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | 58 (0.9) | 18 (0.6) | 40 (1.2) | 14 (0.8) | 44 (1.0) |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 109 (1.8) | 29 (1.0) | 80 (2.5) | 18 (1.1) | 91 (2.0) |
| Heart failure | 69 (1.1) | 17 (0.6) | 52 (1.6) | 10 (0.6) | 59 (1.3) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 48 (0.8) | 25 (0.8) | 23 (0.7) | 18 (1.1) | 30 (0.7) |
| Cancer | 80 (1.3) | 30 (1.0) | 50 (1.6) | 19 (1.1) | 61 (1.3) |
| Adherence | |||||
| MPR mean (SD) | 72 (28) | 48 (22) | 95 (6) | 33 (16) | 87 (14) |
| MPR median (IQR) | 83 | 54 (33;70) | 97 (91;100) | 36 (18;45) | 92 (77;99) |
*Data are presented as means±SD for continuous variables, and N (%) for categorical variables. MPR also as median with interquartile range (IQR)
†Low physical activity, never or exercise less than one time per week.
ASA; acetylsalicylic acid; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin (A1c); HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LLT, lipid-lowering therapy; MPR, medication possession ratio; NGSP, National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program.