Baseline characteristics of the study populations
| Initial triple therapy (n=100) | Conventional stepwise therapy (n=100) | P value | |
| Gender (male/female) | 65/35 | 67/33 | NS |
| Family history of DM | 53 (53.0%) | 46 (46.0%) | NS |
| History of CVD | 7 (7.0%) | 10 (10.0%) | NS |
| Age (years) | 50.4±10.9 | 52.2±10.9 | NS |
| Height (cm) | 166.5±8.2 | 166.2±9.1 | NS |
| Body weight (kg) | 71.6±15.8 | 71.2±12.9 | NS |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.7±4.8 | 25.7±3.5 | NS |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 131.8±17.7 | 132.8±16.0 | NS |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 80.4±12.3 | 81.1±11.7 | NS |
| Duration of DM (months) | 35.4±59.7 | 27.6±49.6 | NS |
| HbA1c (%) | 10.8±0.9 | 10.6±1.0 | NS |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 226.9±62.1 | 225.3±69.2 | NS |
| Postload 30 min glucose (mg/dL) | 319.4±71.2 | 314.7±65.2 | NS |
| Postload 120 min glucose (mg/dL) | 364.7±86.0 | 357.1±87.2 | NS |
| Fasting plasma insulin (μIU/mL) | 11.1±6.1 | 10.8±5.9 | NS |
| Postload 30 min insulin (μIU/mL) | 16.7±11.2 | 15.8±7.2 | NS |
| Postload 120 min insulin (μIU/mL) | 20.8±19.1 | 20.5±16.6 | NS |
| C-peptide (ng/mL) | 2.3±1.4 | 2.5±1.4 | NS |
| Glucagon (pg/mL) | 194.0±72.4 | 198.5±89.8 | NS |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 210.6±43.5 | 206.7±54.4 | NS |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 205.4±188.1 | 190.7±170.6 | NS |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 47.6±9.7 | 49.2±11.9 | NS |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 125.3±33.5 | 123.8±39.9 | NS |
| Free fatty acid (μmol/L) | 590.7±208.2 | 684.6±191.4 | NS |
| AST (IU/L) | 26.9±13.7 | 27.6±15.9 | NS |
| ALT (IU/L) | 34.8±27.6 | 34.9±27.9 | NS |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.77±0.20 | 0.78±0.20 | NS |
| Urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 109.1±328.0 | 103.2±284.5 | NS |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 32 (32.0) | 34 (34.0) | NS |
| ARB/ACE inhibitor | 24 (24.0) | 30 (30.0) | NS |
| Dyslipidemia | 72 (72.0) | 68 (68.0) | NS |
| Statin therapy | 38 (38.0) | 42 (42.0) | NS |
| Fibrate therapy | 3 (3.0) | 4 (4.0) | NS |
Data are expressed as the mean±SD. P values were calculated using Student’s t-tests for continuous data and χ2 tests for categorical data.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARB, angiotensin-II receptor blocker; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NS, not significant; SBP, systolic blood pressure.