Association between ethnicity/immigration status and diabetes incidence (n=134 550)
| Variable | No. new cases of diabetes* | Person-years of follow-up | Crude incidence (no./100 person-years) | Age, sex- adjusted HR (95% CI)*† | Fully adjusted HR (95% CI)*‡ |
| Immigrants, ethnicity§ | |||||
| South Asian | 2417 | 28 597 | 8.5 | 1.71 (1.55 to 1.89) | 1.72 (1.55 to 1.99) |
| Southeast Asian | 916 | 11 492 | 8.0 | 1.58 (1.41 to 1.77) | 1.65 (1.46 to 1.86) |
| Sub-Saharan African and Caribbean | 890 | 11 780 | 7.6 | 1.55 (1.39 to 1.74) | 1.63 (1.45 to 1.83) |
| Latin American | 702 | 9506 | 7.4 | 1.49 (1.32 to 1.68) | 1.58 (1.41 to 1.78) |
| East Asian | 1270 | 18 119 | 7.0 | 1.34 (1.23 to 1.52) | 1.53 (1.35 to 1.73) |
| West Asian and Arab | 756 | 9271 | 8.2 | 1.63 (1.45 to 1.84) | 1.37 (1.23 to 1.53) |
| Eastern European | 769 | 16 710 | 4.6 | 0.92 (0.82 to 1.03) | 0.92 (0.82 to 1.04) |
| Western European | 466 | 9510 | 4.9 | Referent | Referent |
| Entire cohort, immigration status | |||||
| Immigrants to Canada | 8186 | 649 828 | 7.1 | 1.18 (1.15 to 1.20) | 1.15 (1.12 to 1.18) |
| Canadian-born residents | 39 722 | 115 043 | 6.1 | Referent | - |
*New cases of diabetes were determined based on entry into the Ontario Diabetes Database. Cases censored at time when diabetes was ascertained, lost healthcare coverage, died or 31 December 2013.
†Adjusted for age, sex, and area income.
‡Among immigrants only, adjusted for age, sex, area income, education, ethnicity, marital status, immigration visa category, and duration. These covariates were not available for the Canadian-born residents.
§Ethnic groups were derived based on country of birth, mother tongue, and a validated algorithm that identifies ethnic groups based on surnames for South Asian and Chinese populations only.