Multivariate adjusted ORs of cardiometabolic risk factors according to vitamin D status and weight status groups*
| Cardiometabolic risk factors † | Weight status ‡ | Vitamin D status § | OR (95% CI) | P for interaction¶ | Measures of additive interaction | |
| RERI (95% CI) | AP (95% CI) | |||||
| Abdominal obesity | Normal | Adequacy | 1.00 | 0.583 | 3.55 (−5.70 to 12.79) | 0.12 (−0.18 to 0.41) |
| Insufficiency | 1.32 (0.89 to 1.97) | |||||
| Obesity | Adequacy | 26.23 (16.22 to 42.42) ** | ||||
| Insufficiency | 30.10 (20.12 to 45.04) ** | |||||
| Hypertension | Normal | Adequacy | 1.00 | 0.146 | −0.44 (−1.27 to 0.37) | −0.20 (−0.57 to 0.17) |
| Insufficiency | 1.19 (0.95 to 1.48) | |||||
| Obesity | Adequacy | 2.49 (1.73 to 3.60) ** | ||||
| Insufficiency | 2.23 (1.70 to 2.93) ** | |||||
| High TC | Normal | Adequacy | 1.00 | 0.805 | −0.07 (−0.69 to 0.55) | −0.06 (−0.57 to 0.45) |
| Insufficiency | 1.56 (1.08 to 2.26) ** | |||||
| Obesity | Adequacy | 0.70 (0.36 to 1.35) | ||||
| Insufficiency | 1.19 (0.76 to 1.86) | |||||
| High LDL-C | Normal | Adequacy | 1.00 | 0.540 | 0.43 (−0.4 to 1.26) | 0.23 (−0.21 to 0.67) |
| Insufficiency | 1.35 (0.87 to 2.09) | |||||
| Obesity | Adequacy | 1.12 (0.54 to 2.29) | ||||
| Insufficiency | 1.90 (1.15 to 3.13) ** | |||||
| Low HDL-C | Normal | Adequacy | 1.00 | 0.873 | 0.06 (−0.88 to 1.01) | 0.03 (−0.37 to 0.43) |
| Insufficiency | 1.99 (1.01 to 3.94) ** | |||||
| Obesity | Adequacy | 5.03 (2.09 to 12.09) ** | ||||
| Insufficiency | 3.73 (1.72 to 8.13) ** | |||||
| High TG | Normal | Adequacy | 1.00 | 0.074 | −0.37 (−1.58 to 0.83) | −0.11 (−0.46 to 0.24) |
| Insufficiency | 1.70 (1.21 to 2.39) ** | |||||
| Obesity | Adequacy | 3.14 (1.98 to 4.97) ** | ||||
| Insufficiency | 3.47 (2.37 to 5.08) ** | |||||
| Hyperglycemia | Normal | Adequacy | 1.00 | 0.011 | 0.56 (0.22 to 0.90) | 0.32 (0.14 to 0.51) |
| Insufficiency | 1.33 (1.12 to 1.57) ** | |||||
| Obesity | Adequacy | 0.84 (0.61 to 1.16) | ||||
| Insufficiency | 1.73 (1.39 to 2.15) ** | |||||
| Insulin resistance | Normal | Adequacy | 1.00 | 0.606 | −0.11 (−0.62 to 0.39) | −0.07 (−0.41 to 0.26) |
| Insufficiency | 1.06 (0.87 to 1.29) | |||||
| Obesity | Adequacy | 1.57 (1.12 to 2.19) ** | ||||
| Insufficiency | 1.51 (1.19 to 1.93) ** | |||||
*The analysis was adjusted for age, sex, season of blood collection, geographical location, smoking, drinking, physical activity, dietary vitamin D intake, body mass index (BMI), fat mass percentage (FMP), and muscle mass index (MMI).
†The diagnostic criteria are as follows: Abdominal obesity was defined as waist to height ratio ≥0.515; Hypertension was classified by the 95th sex, age and and height-specific blood pressure cut-points of Chinese standard16; Abnormal blood lipid levels were classified by the age and sex-specific lipoprotein cut-points of Chinese children17; Hyperglycemia was defined as fasting blood glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L18; Insulin resistance was defined by the WHO as values in the highest quartile of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).19
‡The weight status was classified as normal and obesity (including overweight) according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria.14
§The vitamin D status was classified as sufficiency (≥50 nmol/L) and insufficiency (<50 nmol/L) according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendation.20
¶A cross-product interaction term was included in the logistic regression model to assess multiplicative interaction.
**Significantly different from the referent category, vitamin D sufficiency and normal weight group.
AP, attributable proportion; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; RERI, relative excess risk due to interaction; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.