Variables | OR | 95% CI | P* |
Age (ref: <65 years) | 1.987 | 1.555 to 2.539 | <0.001* |
Gender (ref: female) | 0.941 | 0.720 to 1.229 | 0.653 |
BMI (ref: <24 kg/m2) | 7.958 | 6.394 to 9.905 | <0.001* |
Educational attainment (ref: college and above) | |||
≤9 years (junior high school) | 1.429 | 1.076 to 1.879 | 0.014* |
9–12 years (senior high school) | 1.234 | 0.935 to 1.629 | 0.138 |
Self-perceived health status (ref: good) | 1.315 | 1.068 to 1.620 | 0.010* |
Source of household income (ref: self) | |||
Relatives | 1.149 | 0.906 to 1.456 | 0.251 |
Government | 0.932 | 0.630 to 1.381 | 0.726 |
Occupation (ref: none†) | |||
Farmer/fisherman/livestock | 1.259 | 0.803 to 1.974 | 0.316 |
Laborer | 1.494 | 0.887 to 2.516 | 0.131 |
Government employee | 1.271 | 0.787 to 2.054 | 0.327 |
Services | 1.191 | 0.765 to 1.856 | 0.439 |
Smoking (ref: no) | 1.102 | 0.844 to 1.438 | 0.474 |
Betel quid use (ref: no) | 1.457 | 1.003 to 2.118 | 0.048* |
MCS‡ | 0.988 | 0.974 to 1.002 | 0.102 |
PCS§ | 1.009 | 0.998 to 1.021 | 0.102 |
*P value <0.05.
†None included housewives.
BMI, body mass index; MCS, mental component summary; PCS, physical component summary.