Mean (SD) at baseline | Mean (SD) after intervention | Change in mean values (95% CI) | MD (95% CI) | P value* | ||||||
Intervention | Control | P value† | Intervention | Control | P value† | Intervention | Control | |||
HbA1c (%) | 7.76 (1.68) | 7.58 (1.53) | 0.06 | 7.06 (1.16) | 7.39 (1.89) | <0.05 | −0.70 (−0.84 to 0.57) | −0.14 (−0.32 to 0.02) | −0.57 (−0.79 to −0.36) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.11 (3.42) | 25.06 (3.17) | 0.82 | 24.75 (3.41) | 25.03 (3.26) | 0.16 | −0.36 (−0.49 to 0.21) | −0.04 (−0.20 to 0.06) | −0.29 (−0.49 to 0.10) | <0.05 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 7.72 (2.15) | 7.84 (2.91) | 0.42 | 7.46 (2.25) | 7.95 (2.53) | <0.05 | −0.27 (−0.47 to 0.06) | 0.10 (−0.20 to 0.34) | −0.40 (−0.72 to 0.03) | 0.02 |
Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 130.75 (12.59) | 133.55 (13.82) | <0.001 | 133.05 (15.30) | 135.70 (15.58) | <0.05 | 2.30 (0.93 to 3.75) | 2.13 (0.76 to 3.50) | 0.22 (−1.45 to 2.37) | 0.64 |
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 78.02 (8.57) | 78.92 (8.50) | 0.08 | 79.00 (36.05) | 80.67 (31.03) | 0.41 | 1.00 (−2.20 to 4.03) | 1.72 (−0.93 to 4.46) | −1.21 (−5.25 to 3.04) | 0.60 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.75 (1.39) | 1.80 (1.39) | 0.59 | 1.75 (1.46) | 2.06 (4.02) | 0.09 | 0.01 (−0.13 to 0.14) | 0.25 (−0.09 to 0.58) | −0.22 (−0.58 to 0.15) | 0.24 |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.30 (0.37) | 1.41 (0.54) | <0.001 | 1.37 (0.45) | 1.46 (0.56) | <0.05 | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.11) | 0.07 (0.01 to 0.12) | 0.01 (−0.06 to 0.08) | 0.86 |
LDL (mmol/L) | 2.80 (1.41) | 2.89 (0.80) | 0.16 | 2.81 (0.94) | 2.97 (1.47) | 0.04 | 0.02 (−0.10 to 0.14) | 0.09 (−0.04 to 0.21) | −0.07 (−0.24 to 0.12) | 0.49 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.81 (2.23) | 4.96 (1.06) | 0.15 | 4.67 (1.14) | 4.98 (2.46) | 0.01 | −0.15 (−0.33 to 0.04) | 0.02 (−0.19 to 0.23) | −0.20 (−0.48 to 0.11) | 0.21 |
*Mixed-effects models were used to estimate the intervention effects with adjustment for community health service center (CHC)-level clustering effects, age, gender, education level, income, smoking status and alcohol consumption.
†T-tests for continuous variables between intervention and control groups.
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MD, mean difference.