Incident rates and hazard ratios of diabetes according to quintiles of baseline serum uric acid levels and hyperuricemia status (n=15 195)
| Participants (cases) | Person years | Incidence rate per 1000 Person years | HR (95% CI) | |||
| Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 3‡ | ||||
| Quintiles of uric acid§ | 15 195 (1156) | 68 486.40 | 16.9 | – | – | – |
| Q1 | 2974 (157) | 13 508.80 | 11.6 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Q2 | 3152 (211) | 14 252.80 | 14.8 | 1.18 (0.96 to 1.46) | 1.19 (0.96 to 1.48) | 1.06 (0.85 to 1.32) |
| Q3 | 3009 (203) | 13 588.50 | 14.9 | 1.15 (0.93 to 1.42) | 1.12 (0.90 to 1.40) | 1.04 (0.84 to 1.30) |
| Q4 | 3059 (263) | 13 759.90 | 19.1 | 1.41 (1.15 to 1.72) | 1.38 (1.12 to 1.70) | 1.26 (1.02 to 1.56) |
| Q5 | 3001 (322) | 13 376.40 | 24.1 | 1.58 (1.30 to 1.92) | 1.51 (1.23 to 1.87) | 1.25 (1.01 to 1.55) |
| P-trend | – | – | – | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.003 |
| Uric acid (1 SD) | 1.17 (1.10 to 1.24) | 1.15 (1.07 to 1.22) | 1.10 (1.02 to 1.17) | |||
| P value | – | – | – | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.007 |
| Non-hyperuricemia | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Hyperuricemia | 1.46 (1.23 to 1.72) | 1.38 (1.15 to 1.64) | 1.26 (1.06 to 1.51) | |||
| P value | – | – | – | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.009 |
P trend was calculated using the median value of each quintile to construct an ordinal variable.
SD=79.96 µmol/L uric acid.
*Results from multivariable model adjusted for age, sex and body mass index.
†Results from multivariable model adjusted for all variables in model 1 plus smoking status, drinking status, education level, physical activity, prevalent hypertension, prevalent hyperlipidemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and family history of diabetes.
‡Results from multivariable model adjusted for all variables in model 2 plus baseline fasting plasma glucose levels.
§According to the quintiles of gender-specific distribution, serum uric acid levels were grouped into five categories:<260, 260–298, 299–335, 336–384, and ≥385 µmol/L for males;<202, 202–236, 237–266, 267–308, and ≥309 µmol/L for females.