Table 1

Characteristics of the study participants according to the survey time

Variables1992
(N=1460)
2000
(N=664)
2009
(N=232)
2012
(N=122)
2017
(N=65)
Age (years)68.82 (8.50)73.62 (7.17)79.49 (5.04)82.10 (4.48)85.51 (3.66)
Male, n (%)733 (50.21)317 (47.74)99 (42.67)51 (41.80)30 (46.15)
Educational level, n (%)
 Secondary or higher300 (20.55)148 (22.29)54 (23.28)32 (26.23)23 (35.38)
 Primary or lower1160 (79.45)516 (77.71)178 (76.72)90 (73.77)42 (64.62)
Residence, n (%)
 Urban828 (56.71)338 (50.90)94 (40.52)52 (42.62)33 (50.77)
 Rural632 (43.29)326 (49.10)138 (59.48)70 (57.38)32 (49.23)
Smoke, n (%)
 01008 (69.04)515 (77.56)200 (86.21)106 (86.89)57 (87.69)
 1–5105 (7.19)46 (6.93)9 (3.88)3 (2.46)2 (3.08)
 >5347 (23.77)103 (15.51)23 (9.91)13 (10.66)6 (9.23)
Alcohol intake, n (%)
 Yes186 (12.74)68 (10.24)16 (6.90)8 (6.56)6 (9.23)
 No1274 (87.26)596 (89.76)216 (93.10)114 (93.44)59 (90.77)
Physical activity, hours/per week, n (%)
 <3592 (40.55)237 (35.69)56 (24.14)36 (29.51)30 (46.15)
 3–10604 (41.37)256 (38.55)96 (41.38)51 (41.80)20 (30.77)
 >10264 (18.08)171 (25.75)80 (34.48)35 (28.69)15 (23.08)
BMI (kg/m2)23.13 (3.86)23.76 (3.86)22.98 (3.94)22.61 (4.38)22.63 (4.33)
SBP (mm Hg)141.2 (25.2)142.3 (25.0)143.7 (21.8)142.3 (22.1)141.4 (24.3)
DBP (mm Hg)81.5 (12.5)80.0 (12.0)76.7 (11.4)75.6 (11.1)72.3 (12.4)
FPG (mmol/L)5.17 (0.98)5.15 (0.94)5.09 (0.91)5.05 (0.96)4.94 (1.06)
TC (mmol/L)4.34 (1.02)5.14 (1.15)5.46 (1.18)5.27 (1.16)5.26 (1.18)
TG (mmol/L)1.47 (0.75)1.52 (0.97)1.54 (0.95)1.45 (0.80)1.46 (0.75)
LDL-C (mmol/L)2.99 (0.98)2.93 (0.86)2.92 (0.82)2.93 (0.87)2.90 (0.89)
HDL-C (mmol/L)1.51 (0.58)1.65 (0.52)1.46 (0.45)1.49 (0.37)1.47 (0.35)
TG/HDL-C1.13 (0.87)1.09 (1.03)1.20 (0.96)1.07 (0.71)1.10 (0.75)
  • BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.