Clinical characteristics of the patients with HNF1A-MODY and young patients with EOD in cohort 3
| Characteristic | EOD (N=402) | HNF1A-MODY (N=9) | P value |
| Sex, male/female | 273/129 | 3/6 | 0.064 |
| Age, median (IQR), years | 33.0 (29.0 to 36.0) | 31.0 (21.0 to 33.5) | 0.146 |
| Age at diagnosis, median (IQR), years | 30.0 (26.0 to 33.0) | 18.0 (13.0 to 30.5) | 0.006** |
| Duration of DM, median (IQR), years | 2.0 (1.0 to 6.0) | 4.0 (1.0 to 17.0) | 0.077 |
| Family history of DM, n (%) | 307 (76.4) | 8 (88.9) | 0.692 |
| Waist circumference†, mean (SD), cm | 92.5 (12.5) | 78.9 (9.0) | 0.002** |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 26.8 (4.6) | 20.9 (1.9) | <0.0001*** |
| SBP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 122.6 (15.7) | 113.0 (22.3) | 0.073 |
| DBP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 78.8 (12.1) | 69.9 (15.2) | 0.058 |
| FPG, median (IQR), mmol/L | 8.37 (6.53 to 11.05) | 6.86 (5.58 to 8.63) | 0.068 |
| HbA1c, median (IQR), mmol/mol | 77.0 (57.3 to 98.0) | 60.5 (47.0 to 75.0) | 0.095 |
| HbA1c, median (IQR), % | 9.20 (7.43 to 11.10) | 7.65 (6.45 to 8.98) | 0.095 |
| TC, mean (SD), mmol/L | 4.82 (1.18) | 4.73 (1.41) | 0.709 |
| LDL-c, mean (SD), mmol/L | 2.82 (0.85) | 2.84 (0.90) | 0.940 |
| HDL-c†, mean (SD), mmol/L | 1.04 (0.27) | 1.41 (0.20) | <0.0001*** |
| Triglycerides, median (IQR), mmol/L | 1.74 (1.16 to 2.74) | 1.05 (0.87 to 1.53) | 0.033* |
| hs-CRP, median (IQR), mg/L | 1.47 (0.71 to 3.21) | 0.17 (0.11 to 0.32) | <0.0001*** |
| CRE, median (IQR), µmol/L | 62.0 (50.0 to 72.0) | 69.0 (46.0 to 89.0) | 0.520 |
| UA†, median (IQR), µmol/L | 345.0 (283.0 to 411.0) | 350.0 (264.5 to 363.5) | 0.796 |
| ACR, median (IQR), mg/g | 8.61 (4.19 to 30.00) | 10.87 (6.67 to 1004.42) | 0.368 |
| eGFR, median (IQR), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 139.4 (120.6 to 167.9) | 126.4 (73.4 to 180.4) | 0.518 |
| Comorbidities and complications | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 56 (13.9) | 1 (11.1) | 1.000 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 375 (93.3) | 2 (22.2) | <0.0001*** |
| Diabetic nephropathy, n (%) | 50 (12.4) | 3 (33.3) | 0.097 |
| Diabetic retinopathy, n (%) | 36 (9.0) | 3 (33.3) | 0.044* |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 9 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 5 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 156 (38.8) | 0 (0) | 0.015* |
| Treatment | |||
| OHA, n (%) | 171 (42.5) | 5 (55.6) | 0.506 |
| Insulin, n (%) | 174 (43.3) | 4 (44.4) | 1.000 |
Data are presented as the means (SD) or medians (IQR); categorical variables are presented as n (%).
eGFR (mL/min per 1.73m2)=175×CRE(mg/dL)-1.234×age (years)-0.179×0.79 (if female).
*p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001.
†Three male patients were diagnosed with HNF1A-MODY, and therefore, the waist circumference, HDL-c level and uric acid level of all patients with HNF1A-MODY (males and females) were calculated in this analysis.
ACR, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio; BMI, body mass index; CRE, serum creatinine; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EOD, early-onset type 2 diabetes; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HNF1A, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MODY, maturity-onset diabetes of the young; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agent; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; UA, uric acid.