Baseline characteristics of non-diabetic study participants
| NGT | Prediabetes | P value | ||||
| Total | IFG | IGT | EHbA1c | |||
| N | 1836 | 4610 | 1954 | 1696 | 3848 | |
| Age (years) | 55.5±6.9 | 57.8±7.4 | 58.2±7.6 | 58.9±7.7 | 58.0±7.4 | <0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 1235 (67.3) | 3116 (67.6) | 1240 (63.5) | 1150 (67.8) | 2661 (69.2) | 0.4 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 286 (15.6) | 747 (16.2) | 340 (17.4) | 230 (13.6) | 618 (16.1) | 0.3 |
| Drinking, n (%) | 485 (26.4) | 1211 (26.3) | 563 (28.8) | 414 (24.4) | 965 (25.1) | 0.5 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8±3.2 | 25.7±3.4 | 26.1±3.4 | 26.2±3.4 | 25.8±3.4 | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.0 (4.8–5.3) | 5.5 (5.2–5.8) | 5.9 (5.7–6.2) | 5.6 (5.2–6.0) | 5.5 (5.2–5.8) | <0.001 |
| 2hPG (mmol/L) | 6.0 (5.2–6.7) | 7.1 (6.0–8.4) | 7.5 (6.3–8.7) | 8.8 (8.2–9.6) | 6.9 (5.9–8.2) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.4 (5.2–5.5) | 5.9 (5.7–6.1) | 5.9 (5.7–6.1) | 5.9 (5.6–6.1) | 5.9 (5.8–6.1) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 126.8±16.7 | 131.6±16.5 | 133.9±16.2 | 133.7±16.6 | 131.6±16.6 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 75.4±13.9 | 75.7±11.5 | 76.5±9.7 | 76.6±12.3 | 75.3±10.7 | 0.3 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.0 (4.5–5.6) | 5.2 (4.7–5.9) | 5.3 (4.7–5.9) | 5.2 (4.7–5.9) | 5.3 (4.7–5.9) | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 1.3 (1.0–1.9) | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 1.3 (1.0–1.9) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.2–1.7) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.0 (2.6–3.5) | 3.2 (2.7–3.8) | 3.2 (2.7–3.8) | 3.2 (2.7–3.8) | 3.3 (2.8–3.8) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 96.5 (87.9–102.7) | 95.4 (86.2–101.6) | 94.7 (85.8–101.4) | 94.2 (84.7–101.0) | 95.4 (86.4–101.6) | <0.001 |
Data were expressed as mean±SD or median (IQR 25%±75%) for continuous variables and as number (percentage) for categorical variables. P from t test, Kruskal-Wallis test or chi-square test, total prediabetes compared with NGT.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EHbA1c, elevated glycated hemoglobin A1c; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; 2hPG, 2-hour plasma glucose; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impairedglucose tolerance; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.